Statistical analysis of refractive index through the troposphere and the stratosphere |
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| Authors: | S H Laurila |
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| Institution: | (1) Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA |
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| Abstract: | The main environmental problem in tracking a satellite through the atmosphere is in finding the most probable value of the
mean refractive index. In this paper, the mean refractive index is computed as a four-part model. The troposphere is treated
as one altitude range from sea level to 9 kilometers, and the stratosphere is divided into three altitude ranges, 9 to 18,
18 to 27, and 27 to 36 kilometers. At 36 kilometers, the N-value is approximately equal to two and reduces rapidly to zero.
By the use of theEssen formula in radio wave application and the modifiedKohlrausch formula in light wave application, point-to-point values of the refractive index are computed through these altitude ranges.
The polynomial expansion of second order from the basic exponential function is selected as the model, and the curve-fitting
adjustments of the computed values are established separately to each altitude range to obtain coefficients A, B, and C.
A model based on the U. S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962, is used as the reference to which four sets of actual soundings made
in Lihue, Hawaii and Fairbanks, Alaska on February 3 and July 2, 1966, are compared. The results show that the parabolic adjustment
has a very high reliability. In the use of standard atmosphere, the standard error of the refractive index through the total
altitude range of 0 to 36 kilometers, and at the 70° zenith distance, equal only ±7 millimeters when radio waves are utilized,
and ±3 millimeters when light waves are utilized.
Paper presented at Conference on Refraction Effects in Geodesy and Electronic Distance Measurement, University of New South
Wales, 5–8 November 1968. Hawaii Institute of Geophysics Contribution No. 239. |
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