Human migration and marine protected areas: Insights from Vezo fishers in Madagascar |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystemes Aquatiques (BOREA) MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Station Marine de Dinard – CRESCO, 38 rue du Port Blanc 35800 Dinard, France;2. School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7FS, UK;3. Université de Rennes 1 - Unité BOREA (Museum national d''histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UCN, IRD, UA), Rennes, France;4. Pôle halieutique, Mer et Littoral, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE UMR 985 ESE Ecology and Ecosystem Health, Management of Diadromous Fish in their Environment OFB-INRAE-Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA, 35042 Rennes, France |
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| Abstract: | Human migration may negatively impact biodiversity and is expected to increase in future, yet the phenomenon remains poorly understood by conservation managers. We conducted a mixed-methods investigation of a contemporary migration of traditional fishers in western Madagascar, a country which has been expanding its protected area system through the establishment of both strict and multiple-use sites, and critically evaluate different models of marine protected area in light of our findings. Interviews with fishers in major destination areas revealed that most migrants come from southwest Madagascar, use non-motorised vessels, and principally target sharks and sea cucumbers. Drivers of the migration include both push and pull factors (i.e. declining resource availability in areas of origin and the continued availability of lucrative resources for export to China). Traditional fisher migrants cause limited social conflict with residents and a number of environmental problems in destination areas: however artisanal fishers with motorised vessels probably represent a greater threat to marine resources than migrants, due to their greater harvesting capacity. We suggest that multiple-use arrangements may be more appropriate than strict protected areas in both source and destination areas, because they integrate the interests of migrants rather than marginalising them: however seascape-scale management provides the best approach for managing the threats and opportunities provided by the migration at the appropriate scale. |
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| Keywords: | Community-based natural resource management Customary institutions Locally managed marine areas (LMMA) Population-environment relationship Small-scale fisheries Trade |
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