| 中国出口导向型外资企业时空演化与出口增衰机制 |
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| 引用本文： | 夏昕鸣,贺灿飞.中国出口导向型外资企业时空演化与出口增衰机制[J].地理科学,2021,41(4):588-597. |
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| 作者姓名： | 夏昕鸣 贺灿飞 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871;北京大学一林肯研究院城市发展与土地政策研究中心,北京100871 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重点项目(41731278);国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金项目(41425001) |
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| 摘 要： | 利用2000—2013年中国海关贸易数据库出口数据研究分析中国出口导向型外资企业地理格局演变。研究发现，出口导向型外资企业在数量和出口贸易额呈现增长的趋势，出口产品以资本密集型、技术密集型产品为主，主要集中在京津冀、长三角、珠三角、山东半岛、辽中南地区，存在从沿海向中西部内陆地区、由核心城市向周边城市逐渐扩散的特征，外资企业出口国家也变得更加多元。构建出口城市-目的国面板模型，对出口导向型外资企业出口的增长和衰退因素分别探讨。研究结果表明，出口导向型外资企业出口增长与出口衰退是多种要素共同作用的结果，符合演化经济地理学、集聚外部性、邓宁折衷理论的研究框架。并验证了3个假设：第一，路径依赖产生的溢出效应对出口增长存在显著的促进作用，一定程度上阻碍出口衰退。第二，本地实际情况在出口导向型外资企业的区位选择过程中发挥了重要作用。第三，政策对出口导向型外资企业的发展产生影响，政策在市场经济发展过程中的作用不容忽视。
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| 关 键 词： | 外资企业 出口导向型 出口地-目的国关联 区位选择 增衰机制 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-02-01 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-08-12 |
Spatio-temporal Evolution and Export Growth and Decline Mechanism of Export-oriented Foreign-invested Enterprises in China |
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| Xia Xinming,He Canfei.Spatio-temporal Evolution and Export Growth and Decline Mechanism of Export-oriented Foreign-invested Enterprises in China[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2021,41(4):588-597. |
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| Authors: | Xia Xinming He Canfei |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
2. Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
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| Abstract: | Since the 1990s, China has shifted to an export-led economic growth model, with imports and exports playing an important role in economic growth. The research object of this article focuses on export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises, which are foreign-invested enterprises mainly engaged in export trade. This article describes the evolution of the geographical pattern of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises in China by using the export data of China Customs Trade Database from 2000 to 2013. In general, since joining the WTO, China’s export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises have shown a growing trend, and the change trend of their export trade volume is also basically consistent with the change trend of China’s overall export trade. The export products are mainly capital-intensive and technology-intensive products, while these two types of products are the most affected by the financial crisis, which to a certain extent reflects the process of China’s deepening openness. The distribution of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises in China exhibits an uneven distribution, mainly concentrated in large cities. Spatially, Chinese export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises are concentrated in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula and Liaoning Province. There exists a gradual diffusion from coastal areas to central and western regions and from core cities to surrounding cities. From the perspective of export markets, Chinese export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises are exporting to more diversified destinations, and the export value has increased massively. In this article, an export city-destination country panel model is developed to explore the growth and decline factors of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises. The results show that export growth and export recession of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises are the result of the interaction of various factors, which embodies the theory of evolutionary economic geography, agglomeration externality and the eclectic theory of international production. And three hypotheses are verified. Firstly, there is a significant contribution of spillover effects from path dependence to export growth and a certain degree of hindrance to export recession. Secondly, local conditions play an important role in the location selection of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises. Thirdly, policies have an impact on the development of export-oriented foreign-invested enterprises, and government decision-making plays a complementary role in the development of market economy. |
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| Keywords: | foreign-invested enterprises export-oriented export-destination country linkage location selection growth and recession mechanism |
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