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| 新型城镇化与非正规就业：规模、格局及社会融合 | |
| 引用本文： | 陈明星,黄莘绒,黄耿志,杨燕珊.新型城镇化与非正规就业：规模、格局及社会融合[J].地理科学进展,2021,40(1):50-60. |
| 作者姓名： | 陈明星 黄莘绒 黄耿志 杨燕珊 |
| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 3.中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510275 4.广州地理研究所,广州510070 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41822104);国家自然科学基金项目(41771137);国家自然科学基金项目(41671125);中国科学院战略性A类先导专项(XDA23100301);中科院青年促进会(2017072);广东省科学院百名青年人才培养专项(2019GDASYL-0104004) |
| 摘 要： | 中国城镇化由偏重数量转向更加注重质量的新型城镇化,促进农村转移人口市民化、提高就业质量成为城镇化发展的重要目标,疫情影响下非正规就业问题更为突出。论文从新型城镇化与非正规就业的关系出发阐释非正规就业人口的历史产生和发展要求,基于人口普查和《中国劳动力动态调查》测度了中国城镇非正规就业的规模和格局特征,总结了非正规就业者当前面临的社会融合难题,并提出发展思路和路径。结果发现：① 城镇化与非正规就业之间关系密切,非正规就业为城镇化过程中农村转移人口提供大量就业机会,缓解了城镇就业压力。以人为本的新型城镇化需要关注非正规就业模式,以促进农业转移人口市民化和社会融合。② 经多源数据估算,中国城镇非正规就业占城镇总就业的33.2%~44.7%,就业人数达1.38亿~1.55亿,以隐性就业部分为主。在空间分布上总体呈现东、中、西逐渐减少的特征;在雇佣类型上以从事各类非正规工作的被雇型就业为主;行业结构主要集中在批发和零售贸易及餐饮业,居民服务、修理和其他服务业与制造业等。③ 非正规就业者主要面临职业困境、户籍限制、公共服务差距、风险应对能力弱等问题,需要通过完善就业服务体系等改革,提升就业质量,推动市民化和社会融合。 |
| 关 键 词： | 新型城镇化 非正规就业 估算规模 行业类型 脆弱性 社会融合 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-06 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-10-14 |
New urbanization and informal employment: Scale,pattern, and social integration |
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| CHEN Mingxing,HUANG Xinrong,HUANG Gengzhi,YANG Yanshan.New urbanization and informal employment: Scale,pattern, and social integration[J].Progress in Geography,2021,40(1):50-60. | |
| Authors: | CHEN Mingxing HUANG Xinrong HUANG Gengzhi YANG Yanshan |
| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China 2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3. School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China 4. Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangzhou 510070, China |
| Abstract: | With the development of urbanization, promoting the citizenization of migrant workers and improving the quality of employment has become an important goal of China's urbanization strategy in the new era. Affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the problem of informal employment stands out even further. Starting with an examination of the relationship between new urbanization and informal employment, this study draws on the data from population census and the China Labor-force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) to estimate the scale of urban informal employment in China and analyze its spatial and sectoral characteristics. It then identifies the main social integration problems faced by informal workers and discusses some policy options. It is found that urbanization and informal employment are interrelated. Informal employment provides job opportunities for rural migrants with the inability to find formal jobs in cities and urban workers who are unemployed, playing a role in alleviating employment and poverty problems. It is argued that the new urbanization with the principle of putting people first should be concerned with the social integration of informal workers with the aim to promote their citizenization. According to the estimation based on multi-source data, the number of informal workers is 138 million-155 million, accounting for 33.2%-44.7% of urban employment in China. The unobserved/unregistered informal workers are the majority. The distribution of informal employment is characterized by the spatial pattern that the scale of informal employment decreases from the eastern to the central and the western parts of China. In terms of employment types, most informal workers are employed in enterprises. Informal employment in China is mainly concentrated in the sector of wholesale, retail trade, and catering, followed by the sectors of residential service, repair, and other services and manufacturing industry. Informal workers are faced with difficulties in social integration, including job precarity, income instability, social marginalization due to population registration restriction, limited access to public services, and vulnerability to crises. It is recommended that policy intervention should pay attention to improving the quality of informal employment and promoting social integration of informal workers in the future. |
| Keywords: | new urbanization informal employment estimated scale industrial pattern vulnerability social integration |
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