Metal accumulation within salt marsh environments: A review |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;2. Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh;3. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;1. Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium;2. Division of Aquaculture, College of Agriculture, Food Science and Sustainable Systems, Kentucky State University, Frankfort, KY, USA |
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| Abstract: | A comprehensive assessment of the chemical and physical factors affecting metal accumulation and cycling within salt marshes is presented. The effects that changes in physico-chemical properties (redox potential, salinity, pH, etc.) have upon metal mobility, speciation and consequent biological availability are described together with the implications for salt marsh habitat loss. Salt marshes act as very efficient sinks for metal contaminants although metal concentrations in halophytes do not generally reflect environmental contamination levels. Marine angiosperms, particularly Zostera marina, do however, reflect external metal concentrations and can therefore be used as biomonitors. Evidence suggests that the concentration of heavy metals in the sediments of most estuaries is not sufficiently high to cause ill effects to salt marsh plants although further investigations are necessary to assess potential threats of pollutants upon the health of these intertidal ecosystems. |
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