Bearing capacity of rock over mined cavities in Nottingham |
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| Authors: | AC Waltham GM Swift |
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| Institution: | a Civil Engineering Department, Nottingham Trent University, School for Property and Construction, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK
b School of Chemical, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK |
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| Abstract: | A significant geohazard is created in Nottingham, UK, by hundreds of man-made caves cut in the weak sandstone beneath the city centre. Stability of the caves has been assessed by a single full-scale loading test, by numerical modelling with FLAC and by physical modelling in plaster. For typical caves 4 m wide, bearing capacity of the rock roof rises from 2 MPa where it is 1 m thick to 8 MPa where 3 m thick. Stability decreases over wider caves and where the loading pad edge is over the edge of the cave. Numerical modelling of a very wide cave revealed the failure mechanisms and also showed that an internal support wall increased roof bearing capacity by 50%. Local building regulations that require 3-5 m of rock cover over the sandstone caves appear to be conservative. In stronger rocks, including karstic limestone, a guideline that cover thickness exceeds 70% of the cave width appears to be appropriate. |
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| Keywords: | Geohazards Cavities Foundations Bearing capacity Sandstone Numerical modelling |
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