| Importance of measurement of rare-earth elements from the Soil Information and Monitoring System： A normalization method for detection of chromium contamination in soils |
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| 作者姓名： | Szegvi J sef Prokisch Per Marth Ba Kov s Zolt Gyi |
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| 作者单位： | [1]Plant and Soil Protection Service of Hajd？Bihar County, Debrecen, Hungary [2]University of Debrecen Department of Food Science and Quality Assurance, Debrecen, Hungary [3]Plant and Soil Protection Central Service, Budapest, Hungary |
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| 摘 要： | The Soil Information and Monitoring System （TIM） is an independent subsystem of the integrated Environmental Information and Monitoring System in Hungary. Based on physiographical-soil-ecological units 1202 representative observation points were selected and exactly defined by geographical coordinates using GPS. The first sampling was done in 1992. Some soil parameters are measured every year, some others every 3 years or every 6 years depending on their changeability （stability）. Toxic element, heavy metal and rare earth element contents in soil samples were determined after hot and strong acid digestion by ICP-OES equipment. The rare earth elements were measured in TIM soil samples and some of them can be found in a relatively high amount, e.g. cerium and neodymium concentration are 3-4 times higher than the very often-measured copper concentration. Close correlation was found among some of the rare earth element concentrations. The Y-Yb correlation is the strongest, its r-value is higher than 0.95. The reason of difference among the yttrium concentrations of samples is not the deviation of ICP-OES measurement that is much smaller than the difference among the individual soil samples. Similar, close correlation was obtained between the soil yttrium and chromium concentration. The amount of chromium contamination can be calculated as the distance from the Y-Cr trend line. We call this method yttrium normalization. The principle of this method is described as follows： such elements than chromium and yttrium insist in the soil in a strongly bonded form. Therefore, in a non-contaminated area there is a close correlation between the yttrium and chromium concentrations. If the measured chromium concentration in a sample is not on the Cr-Y trend line than the distance it indicates the amount of antropogenic chromium. Contamination can be detected in that case of course if the contaminant does not contain yttrium.
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| 关 键 词： | 钇 土壤化学 稀土元素 铬 环境污染 |
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