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三江源高寒草甸不同退化阶段植被和土壤呼吸特征
引用本文:张光茹,张法伟,杨永胜,贺慧丹,祝景彬,罗谨,王春雨,罗方林,王军邦,李英年.三江源高寒草甸不同退化阶段植被和土壤呼吸特征[J].冰川冻土,2020,42(2):662-670.
作者姓名:张光茹  张法伟  杨永胜  贺慧丹  祝景彬  罗谨  王春雨  罗方林  王军邦  李英年
作者单位:1.中国科学院 西北高原生物研究所,青海 西宁 810008;2.洛阳师范学院 生命科学学院,河南 洛阳 471934;3.枣庄学院,山东 枣庄 277100;4.中国科学院 地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101;5.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;6.中国科学院 高原生物适应与进化重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0604802);国家自然科学基金项目(41877547);青海省科技基础条件平台项目(2018-ZJ-T09)
摘    要:通过监测三江源玛沁县高寒草甸2017年度植被特征及土壤呼吸通量, 探讨了不同退化阶段植被群落、 土壤呼吸特征及其协同关系, 并分析了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性。结果表明: 随着高寒草甸退化程度加剧, 禾本科植物重要值降低, 毒杂草显著增加(P<0.05); 植被盖度、 物种数、 多样性指数显著下降(P<0.05), 重度退化阶段的地上生物量比轻度、 中度退化阶段降低了25.36%、 22.37%(P<0.05); 在中度退化条件下, 均匀度指数和地下生物量显著增多(P<0.05)。在各退化阶段, 土壤呼吸年内均呈单峰式变化过程, 表现出生长季高、 非生长季低的特征, 植物生长旺季(7 - 8月)最高, 且与5 cm深度处土壤温度之间呈显著指数关系(P<0.05); 2017年轻度退化、 中度退化和重度退化阶段的土壤呼吸碳排放总量分别为626.89 gC·m-2、 386.66 gC·m-2、 393.81 gC·m-2; 同时, 土壤呼吸与植被群落演替具有显著的协同性, 随着退化程度加剧土壤呼吸速率下降。轻度退化、 中度退化、 重度退化阶段土壤呼吸的温度敏感性系数(Q10)分别为2.82、 3.54和2.35, 表明中度退化条件下的温度敏感性最强, 重度退化条件下最弱。

关 键 词:高寒草甸  退化阶段  植被群落特征  土壤呼吸  协同关系  三江源  
收稿时间:2019-11-11
修稿时间:2020-03-18

Vegetation and soil respiration at different degradation stages of an alpine meadow in the Sanjiangyuan region
Guangru ZHANG,Fawei ZHANG,Yongsheng YANG,Huidan HE,Jingbin ZHU,Jin LUO,Chunyu WANG,Fanglin LUO,Junbang WANG,Yingnian LI.Vegetation and soil respiration at different degradation stages of an alpine meadow in the Sanjiangyuan region[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2020,42(2):662-670.
Authors:Guangru ZHANG  Fawei ZHANG  Yongsheng YANG  Huidan HE  Jingbin ZHU  Jin LUO  Chunyu WANG  Fanglin LUO  Junbang WANG  Yingnian LI
Abstract:Vegetation community, soil respiration characteristics and their relationships at different degradation stages were explored, and the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration was analyzed by monitoring the vegetation and soil respiration at different degradation stages of an alpine meadow in Maqen County, Sanjiangyuan region in 2017. The results show that: As the degree of degradation increase, the Gramineae decreases, but poisonous weed increases significantly (P<0.05); vegetation coverage, species index, and diversity index decrease significantly (P<0.05). The aboveground biomass under the condition of heavy degradation has decreased by 25.36% and 22.37% in comparison with light and moderate degradation (P<0.05). Under the condition of moderate degradation, evenness index and underground biomass increased significantly (P<0.05). Soil respiration at each degradation stage has a unimodal change during the year, showing high in growing season and low in non-growing season, especially in a highest peak growth period (July - August) of the vegetation and a significant exponential relationship with soil temperature at 5 cm depth (P<0.05); total soil respiration emissions in 2017 under light, moderate and heavy degradation are 626.89 gC·m-2, 386.66 gC·m-2 and 393.81 gC·m-2, respectively. Soil respiration rate decreases with the degree of degradation. Temperature sensitivity coefficients (Q10) of soil respiration at light degradation, moderate degradation and heavy degradation stages are 2.82, 3.54, and 2.35, respectively, indicating that the temperature sensitivity is the highest under moderate degradation and the lowest under heavy degradation. These results would be useful for understanding the vegetation and soil respiration characteristics at different degradation stages of alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau.
Keywords:alpine meadow  degradation stages  vegetation community characteristics  soil respiration  synergistic relationship  Sanjiangyuan region  
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