Estimation of submarine groundwater discharge in the Il‐Gwang watershed using water budget analysis and 222Rn mass balance |
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| Authors: | Yong‐Seok Gwak Sang‐Hyun Kim Yong‐Woo Lee Boo‐Keun Khim Se‐Yeong Hamm Sung‐Wok Kim |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea (ROK);2. Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea (ROK);3. Climate and Marine Environmental Team, Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, Seoul, Korea (ROK);4. Department of Geological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea (ROK);5. Geologic Institute Research Centre, Pusan, Korea (ROK) |
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| Abstract: | Submarine groundwater discharges (SGD) were investigated in a marine watershed in south‐eastern Korea using water budget analysis and a 222Rn mass balance model. Multi‐layered TOPMODEL added hydrological assumption was used to estimate groundwater components in the water budget analysis. Field observations of soil moisture, rainfall, runoff and groundwater fluctuations were used for calibration and validation of the hydrologic model. Based on observed hydrological data and terrain analyses, parameters for the hydrologic model were delineated and used to describe several hydrologic responses in the watershed. SGD estimations by 222Rn mass balance method were also performed at Il‐Gwang bay in July, 2010, and May, June, July and Nov. 2011. The estimated groundwater through hydrologic modeling and water balance analysis was 1.3x106 m3/year, which rapidly increased during typhoon season due to heavy rainfall and permeable geologic structure. The estimated groundwater was approximately 3.7–27.1% of SGD as evaluated by 222Rn mass balance method ranges 3.44 and 17.45 m3m?2year?1. Even though SGD is predominantly influenced by tide fluctuation, the head gradient (difference) from hydrologic processes associated with heavy rainfalls can also have extra significant influences. Comprehensive understanding of SGD evaluation can be improved through a simultaneous application of both these approaches. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| Keywords: | submarine groundwater discharge water budget radon mass balance TOPMODEL soil moisture hydrologic response |
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