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Classification of artificial (man-made) ground |
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| Authors: | M S Rosenbaum A A McMillan J H Powell A H Cooper M G Culshaw and K J Northmore |
| Institution: | a School of Property and Construction, Nottingham Trent University, Newton Building, Burton Street, Nottingham NG1 4BU, UK b British Geological Survey, Murchison House, West Mains Road, Edinburg EH4 3LA, UK c British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK d Nottingham Trent University, Geohazards Group, Nottingham NG1 4BU and British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, UK |
| Abstract: | The legacy inherited from anthropogenic processes needs to be addressed in order to provide reliable and up-to-date ground information relevant to development and regeneration in the urban environment. The legacy includes voids as well as anthropogenic deposits (artificial ground). Their characteristics derive from former quarrying and mining activities industrial processes creating derelict ground, variably consolidated made ground, and contaminated groundwater and soils. All need to be systematically assessed to inform the planning process and provide the basis for engineering solutions. Site-specific investigation needs to be conducted on the back of good quality geoscientific data. This comes from ‘field’ survey, remotely sensed data interpretation, historical maps, soil geochemical sampling, and geotechnical investigation. Three-dimensional and, in the future, four dimensional, characterization of superficial deposits is required to reach an understanding of the potential spatial lithological variability of artificial ground and the geometry of important surfaces, i.e. the boundary conditions. The classification scheme for artificial ground outlined in this paper and adopted by the British Geological Survey, will help in achieving this understanding. |
| Keywords: | Artificial ground Anthropogenic deposits Made ground Derelict ground Contaminated land Ground investigation Superficial deposits |
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