Nonlinear analysis of NATM tunnel construction with the boundary element method |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute for Structural Analysis, Graz University of Technology,8010 Graz, Austria;2. Centre for Geotechnical and Materials Modelling, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia;1. Marche Polytechnic University, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy;2. Graz Univeristy of Technology, Rechbauerstraße 12, 8010 Graz, Austria;3. GES - Geotechnical Engineering Services s.r.l, Via Brecce Bianche 12, 60131 Ancona, Italy;1. Mining Engineering Group, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman 76175-133, Iran;2. Consulting Engineers Mahab Ghods Co., Iran;3. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Yazd University, Yazd 89195-741, Iran;1. Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;3. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, CECI Engineering Consultants, Inc., Taipei, Taiwan;1. State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Faculty of Infrastructure Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China;2. ARC Centre of Excellence for Geotechnical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia;3. Dalian Mechsoft Co., Ltd, Dalian, 116600, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents a novel approach to the simulation of NATM tunnel construction using the Boundary Element Method (BEM) as principal numerical method. This new approach has the advantage that only the excavation surface, the possible plastic zones and the tunnel lining have to be discretised. The whole rock mass is represented by the BEM whereas the Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to represent the tunnel lining only. Thus, a general coupling strategy for coupling three-dimensional boundary elements with shell finite elements (shotcrete) and beam finite elements (steel arches) is presented. To achieve realistic results the effect of hydration of the shotcrete and yielding of the steel arches is considered in the excavation process. Furthermore, the nonlinear rock behaviour is modelled more realistically by using a powerful hierarchical constitutive model which considers a large range of rock materials. The combination of these ideas results in higher user-friendliness and efficiency. Some verification tests and practical applications in tunnelling are presented. |
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