Numerical simulations of depressurization-induced gas production from gas hydrate reservoirs at the Walker Ridge 313 site,northern Gulf of Mexico |
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| Institution: | 1. United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 1526, USA;2. URS, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA;3. West Virginia University, Department of Chemical Engineering, PO Box 6102, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;1. Alberta Innovates – Technology Futures, Edmonton, Alberta T6N 1E4, Canada;2. Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Sidney, British Columbia V8L 4B2, Canada;3. Computer Modeling Group Ltd., Calgary, Alberta T2L 2A6, Canada;1. Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;3. Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;4. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Ministry of Land and Resources, China;1. National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA;2. AECOM, 626 Cochran''s Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA;3. West Virginia University, Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 6009, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6, Aramaki-aza, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan;2. Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;3. National Institute of Technology, Hachinohe College, Tamonoki, Hachinohe 039-1192, Japan |
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| Abstract: | In 2009, the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Gas Hydrates Joint-Industry-Project (JIP) Leg II drilling program confirmed that gas hydrate occurs at high saturations within reservoir-quality sands in the GOM. A comprehensive logging-while-drilling dataset was collected from seven wells at three sites, including two wells at the Walker Ridge 313 site. By constraining the saturations and thicknesses of hydrate-bearing sands using logging-while-drilling data, two-dimensional (2D), cylindrical, r-z and three-dimensional (3D) reservoir models were simulated. The gas hydrate occurrences inferred from seismic analysis are used to delineate the areal extent of the 3D reservoir models. Numerical simulations of gas production from the Walker Ridge reservoirs were conducted using the depressurization method at a constant bottomhole pressure. Results of these simulations indicate that these hydrate deposits are readily produced, owing to high intrinsic reservoir-quality and their proximity to the base of hydrate stability. The elevated in situ reservoir temperatures contribute to high (5–40 MMscf/day) predicted production rates. The production rates obtained from the 2D and 3D models are in close agreement. To evaluate the effect of spatial dimensions, the 2D reservoir domains were simulated at two outer radii. The results showed increased potential for formation of secondary hydrate and appearance of lag time for production rates as reservoir size increases. Similar phenomena were observed in the 3D reservoir models. The results also suggest that interbedded gas hydrate accumulations might be preferable targets for gas production in comparison with massive deposits. Hydrate in such accumulations can be readily dissociated due to heat supply from surrounding hydrate-free zones. Special cases were considered to evaluate the effect of overburden and underburden permeability on production. The obtained data show that production can be significantly degraded in comparison with a case using impermeable boundaries. The main reason for the reduced productivity is water influx from the surrounding strata; a secondary cause is gas escape into the overburden. The results dictate that in order to reliably estimate production potential, permeability of the surroundings has to be included in a model. |
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