Development of the Khao Khwang Fold and Thrust Belt: Implications for the geodynamic setting of Thailand and Cambodia during the Indosinian Orogeny |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat–sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;2. Guangdong Key Lab of Geodynamics and Geohazards, Guangzhou 510275, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;4. Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;5. Department of Applied Geology, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia;1. Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3AN, United Kingdom;2. Department of Geology, Chiang Mai University, Thailand;3. Swedish Museum of Natural History, and Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden;4. NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham NG12 5GG, United Kingdom;1. Centre for Tectonics, Resources and Exploration (TRaX), Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia;2. PTTEP, EnCo, Soi 11, GGS, Vibhavadi Rangsit Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;3. Department of Geological Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;4. Department of Geology, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281.S8, WE13, Ghent 9000, Belgium;5. Basin Analysis and Structural Evolution Special Task Force for Activating Research (BASE STAR), Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;6. School of Earth and Planetary Science, John de Laeter Centre, TIGeR, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The Indosinian Orogeny in Thailand is often viewed as having developed between strongly linear terranes, which today trend approximately N–S. The terranes were subsequently disrupted by later tectonics, particularly NW–SE trending Cenozoic strike-slip faults. The ENE–WSW to NE–SW striking thrusts and folds in the Khao Khwang Platform area of the Saraburi Group on the SW margin of the Indochina Terrane are not easily explained in the context of this traditional view. Reversal of the clockwise rotation shown to have affected the block north of the Mae Ping Fault zone only enhances the E–W orientation of structures in the fold and thrust belt, and moves the belt further east towards Cambodia. One solution for the trend that fits better with regional understanding from hydrocarbon exploration of the Khorat Plateau is that the Indochina Terrane was actually a series of continental blocks, separated by Permian rifting. During the Early Triassic the early stages of collision (South China-Cathaysian Terrane collision with Vietnam Indochina) resulted in the amalgamation of disparate blocks that now form the Indochina Terrane by closure along the rifts. At the same time or following on from the collision there was closure of the back-arc area between Indochina and the Sukhothai zone. The rift basins, were thrusted and inverted during the early stages of the Indosinian orogeny, and only underwent minor reactivated when later Sibumasu collided with Sukhothai Zone-Indochina Terrane margin during the Late Triassic. The scenario described above requires the presence of a (minor) E–W trending suture in NW Cambodia. Evidence for this suture is suggested by the presence of Permo-Triassic calc-alkaline volcanism. |
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