Sediment supply systems of the Champion “Delta” of NW Borneo: Implications for deepwater reservoir sandstones |
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| Institution: | 1. Petroleum Geoscience Program, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;2. Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK, USA;1. Faculty of Science/Geology, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam;2. DI.S.T.A.V. – Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell''Ambiente e della Vita, Università degli Studi di Genova, Corso Europa 26, I - 16132 Genova, Italy;3. Geological Survey of Austria, Neulinggasse 38, A-1030 Vienna, Austria;1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;2. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;3. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China;4. China National Offshore Oil Corporation Limited – Shenzhen, Guangzhou 510000, China;5. School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China;1. Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA;2. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources, MOE, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China |
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| Abstract: | Middle Miocene to Pliocene sedimentation on the NW Borneo margin has been interpreted as the product of one relatively large deltaic system, the Champion Delta. However, several lines of evidence indicate that the Champion system was not a simple, large delta; its drainage basin was too small, fluvial outcrops indicate multiple, relatively small rivers and outcrop studies indicate the same facies associations as the diverse, modern depositional systems. The number and location of rivers reaching the shoreline changed as rapidly subsiding footwall synclines, episodically active inversion anticlines and growth faults created an evolving structurally-generated topography that not only controlled drainage pathways, but also segregated Champion strata into thick, wave-dominant and tide-dominant successions. Although the principal rivers within the Champion system, the Limbang, Padas and Trusan Rivers, transport significant loads of coarse sediment, the intermittent proximal ponding of sand in local basins, as is currently occurring in Brunei Bay, resulted in a variable delivery of sand to the shelf edge. The number and distribution of shelf edge canyons also changed with time. Consequently, the spatial and temporal distribution of deepwater sand accumulations sourced from the Champion system are not solely related to relative sea level fluctuations; such accumulations should be smaller and more scattered than those sourced from a large shelf edge delta. Because the catchments of the Champion system’s principal rivers represent different provenances, the system’s deepwater sands may carry the signal of specific rivers. For example, mineralogical contrasts between in the main reservoir sands of the deepwater Gumusut and Kikeh fields suggest that the relative contributions of the principal rivers shifted with time with the Trusan and Limbang Rivers dominating sand supply for the youngest reservoirs at Gumusut. |
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