Oxygen dynamics in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto Canario de Ciencias Marinas (ICCM), Gobierno de Canarias, Telde, 35200 Las Palmas, Spain;2. National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOCS) SO14 3ZH, UK;3. Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Departamento de Física, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain;4. The Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands (PLOCAN), Telde, 35200 Las Palmas, Spain;5. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA;1. Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME 04544, USA;2. School of Ocean & Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii;3. College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida;1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN-CICIMAR), La Paz, BCS, Mexico;2. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), 36208, Vigo, Spain;3. Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, BC, Mexico;4. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, BCS, Mexico;1. Marine Biology Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S8, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;2. Meiofauna Laboratory, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof Moraes Rego 1235, 50670-901, Cidade Universitária, Brazil;3. Senckenberg am Meer, DZMB – German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Südstrand 44, D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Dissolved oxygen (DO) in the ocean is a tracer for most ocean biogeochemical processes including net community production and remineralization of organic matter which in turn constrains the biological carbon pump. Knowledge of oxygen dynamics in the North Atlantic Ocean is mainly derived from observations at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site located in the western subtropical gyre which may skew our view of the biogeochemistry of the subtropical North Atlantic. This study presents and compares a 15 yr record of DO observations from ESTOC (European Station for Time-Series in the Ocean, Canary Islands) in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic with the 20 yr record at BATS. Our estimate for net community production of oxygen was 2.3±0.4 mol O2 m?2 yr?1 and of oxygen consumption was ?2.3±0.5 mol O2 m?2 yr?1 at ESTOC, and 4 mol O2 m?2 yr?1 and ?4.4±1 mol m?2 yr?1 at BATS, respectively. These values were determined by analyzing the time-series using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) method. These flux values agree with similar estimates from in-situ observational studies but are higher than those from modeling studies. The difference in net oxygen production rates supports previous observations of a lower carbon export in the eastern compared to the western subtropical Atlantic. The inter-annual analysis showed clear annual cycles at BATS whereas longer cycles of nearly 4 years were apparent at ESTOC. The DWT analysis showed trends in DO anomalies dominated by long-term perturbations at a basin scale for the consumption zones at both sites, whereas yearly cycles dominated the production zone at BATS. The long-term perturbations found are likely associated with ventilation of the main thermocline, affecting the consumption and production zones at ESTOC. |
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