Evaluation of effective management plan for an agricultural watershed using AVSWAT model,remote sensing and GIS |
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| Authors: | V K Pandey S N Panda Ashish Pandey S Sudhakar |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University, Raipur, 492006, India;(2) Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India;(3) Department of Water Resources Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee , 247667, Uttarakhand, India;(4) National Remote Sensing Agency, Indian Space Research Organization, Government of India, Hyderabad, 500037, Andhra Pradesh, India; |
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| Abstract: | In the present investigation, an effort has been made to identify the critical sub-watersheds for the development of best
management plan for a small watershed of Eastern India using a hydrological model, namely, AVSWAT2000. A total of 180 combinations
of various management treatments including crops (rice, maize ground nut and soybean), tillage (zero, conservation, field
cultivator, mould board plough and conventional practices) and fertilizer levels (existing half of recommended and recommended)
have been evaluated. The investigation reveled that rice cannot be replaced by other crops such as groundnut, maize, mungbean,
sorghum and soybean since comparatively these crops resulted in higher sediment yield. The tillage practices with disk plough
have been found to have more impact on sediment yield and nutrient losses than conventional tillage practices for the existing
level of fertilizer. Sediment yield decreased in the case of zero tillage, conservation tillage, field cultivator, moldboard
plough, and conservation tillage as compare to conventional tillage. Lowest NO3–N loss was observed in zero tillage in all the fertilizer treatments, whereas field cultivator, moldboard plough and disk
plough resulted in increase of NO3–N loss. As compared to conventional tillage, the losses of soluble phosphorus were increased in moldboard plough. The losses
of organic nitrogen were also increased as fertilizer dose increased. After zero tillage the conservation tillage preformed
better in all the fertilizer treatments as per loss of organic nitrogen and organic phosphorus is concerned. It can be concluded
that the sediment yield was found to be the highest in the case of disk plough followed by moldboard plough, field cultivator,
conventional tillage, field cultivator and least in zero tillage practices. The nutrient losses were found to be in different
order with tillage practices, resulted highest in disk plough tillage practices. In view of sediment yield and nutrient losses,
the conservation tillage practice was found to be the best as the sediment yield is less than the average soil loss whereas
nutrient loss is within the permissible limit. |
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| Keywords: | AVSWAT GIS NPS pollution Remote sensing Watershed management |
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