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Remote Sensing and Geophysical Investigations of Glacial Buried Valleys in Northeastern Kansas
Authors:Jane E Denne  Harold L Yarger  P Allen Macfarlane  Ralph W Knapp  Marios A Sophocleous  James R Lucas  Don W Steeples
Institution:Geohydrology Section, Kansas Geological Survey, 1930 Avenue A, Campus West, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66044.;Geophysics and Geochemistry Section, Kansas Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66044.;Formerly with Geoscience Section, Applications Branch, EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57198;now with Centaur Exploration, Inc., Amarillo, Texas 79109.
Abstract:Aquifers found in glacial buried valleys are a major source of good-quality ground water in northeastern Kansas. The extent and character of many of these deposits are not precisely known, so a detailed study of the buried valleys was undertaken. Test drilling, Landsat imagery, shallow-earth temperature measurements, seismic refraction, surface electrical resistivity, and gravity data were used to evaluate two sites in Nemaha and Jefferson Counties. Tonal patterns on springtime Landsat imagery and winter/summer anomalies in shallow-earth temperatures were quick and inexpensive methods for locating some glacial buried aquifers and suggested areas for more intensive field studies. Reversed seismic refraction and resistivity surveys were generally reliable indicators of the presence or absence of glacial buried valleys, with most depth determinations being within 25% of test-drilling results. The effectiveness of expensive test-hole drilling was greatly increased by integrating remote sensing, shallow-earth temperature, seismic, and resistivity techniques in the two buried valley test areas. A gravity profile allowed precise definition of the extent of one of the channels after the other techniques had been used for general information.
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