Recent and projected increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide and the potential impacts on growth and alkaloid production in wild poppy (Papaver setigerum DC.) |
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| Authors: | Lewis H Ziska Sini Panicker Heidi L Wojno |
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| Institution: | 1. Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
2. US Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, 22624 Dulles Summit Court, Dulles, VA, 20166, USA
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| Abstract: | In the current study, we quantified changes in the growth and alkaloid content of wild poppy, (Papaver setigerum) as a function of recent and projected changes in global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, CO2]. The experimental CO2] values (300, 400, 500 and 600μmol mol?1) correspond roughly to the concentrations that existed during the middle of the twentieth century, the current concentration, and near and long-term projections for the current century (2050 and 2090), respectively. Additional carbon dioxide resulted in significant increases in leaf area and above ground biomass for P. setigerum at all CO2] relative to the 300μmol mol?1 baseline. Reproductively, increasing CO2] from 300 to 600μmol mol?1 increased the number of capsules, capsule weight and latex production by 3.6, 3.0 and 3.7×, respectively, on a per plant basis. Quantification of secondary compounds (i.e. those not involved in primary metabolism) included the alkaloids morphine, codeine, papaverine and noscapine. The amount of all alkaloids increased significantly on a per plant basis, with the greatest relative increase occurring with recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (e.g. from 300 to 400μmol mol?1). Overall, these data suggest that as atmospheric CO2] continues to increase, significant effects on the production of secondary plant compounds of pharmacological interest (i.e. opiates) could be expected. |
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