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The way forward with ecosystem-based management in tropical contexts: Reconciling with existing management systems |
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| Authors: | Shankar Aswani Patrick Christie Nyawira A MuthigaRobin Mahon Jurgenne H PrimaveraLori A Cramer Edward B BarbierElise F Granek Chris J KennedyEric Wolanski Sally Hacker |
| Institution: | a Department of Anthropology and Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Marine Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210, USA b School of Marine Affairs and Jackson School of International Studies, 3707 Brooklyn Ave NE, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105-6715, USA c Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY 10460, USA d Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES), University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, St. Michael, Barbados e Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines f Department of Sociology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA g Department of Economics & Finance, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA h Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA i Department of Economics and Finance, Dept. 3985, University of Wyoming, WY, USA j Marine and Tropical Biology, Australian Centre for Tropical Freshwater Research, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Q. 4811, Australia k Oregon State University, Department of Zoology, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA |
| Abstract: | This paper discusses some of the challenges and opportunities that can arise when implementing ecosystem-based management (EBM) in tropical nations. EBM creates a new series of challenges, problems, and opportunities that must be considered in light of existing governance and management frameworks in a local context. The paper presents five case studies from different parts of the tropical world, including Oceania, insular and continental Southeast Asia, East Africa, and the Caribbean, which illustrate that the implementation of EBM in watershed and marine ecosystems offers a new series of challenges and opportunities for its inclusion with existing forms of environmental governance and management. The paper suggests that EBM is best thought of as an expansion of customary management (CM) and integrated coastal management (ICM), rather than a paradigm shift, and that it has certain benefits that are worth integrating into existing systems when possible. The paper concludes that the cultural and institutional context of CM as well as the experience, technical skills, and legal basis that serve ICM programs are logical platforms from which to build EBM programs. Some guidelines for creating hybrid management regimes are suggested. In sum, declining marine species and ecosystems require urgent action, necessitating utilization of existing paradigms such as ICM and CM as a foundation for building EBM. |
| Keywords: | Customary management EBM Integrated coastal management Hybridization Tropics Watershed |
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