| 中国城市分布特征及其影响因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 金淑婷,李博,杨永春,石培基,史坤博,达福文.中国城市分布特征及其影响因素[J].地理研究,2015,34(7):1352-1366. |
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| 作者姓名： | 金淑婷 李博 杨永春 石培基 史坤博 达福文 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州 7300002. 兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州 7300003. 西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41171143, 41271133）;中央高校基本科研业务专项资金（lzujbky-2015-216） |
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| 摘 要： | 通过对221 BC-1911 AD年间中国城市分布特征及其影响因素的研究,发现：① 在整个研究阶段,中国城市分布的重心位于中东部地区,秦—唐时期重心向西南地区大幅移动,唐—元时期重心先东北方向移动后转向西南方向,元—清时期重心主要向北移动。以腾冲—瑷珲一线为界线分区研究发现,在整个研究阶段西部重心在南北及东西方向呈现出较大的波动趋势,东部重心呈现出与全国类似的运动轨迹。② 标准差椭圆分析表明全国及东西部地区城市分布经历了明显的分散—集聚—分散的变化趋势,其中西部地区最为明显。从城市分布的平均方向看,全国及东部地区具有一定的相似性,均以东北—西南为主要分布特征,西部地区是以西北—东南为主要分布特征。③ 从城市密度分布特征看,其空间连续性和自组织性不断加强且由空间相关性引起的结构性变异处于显著状态。从方向上来看,全方向上的均质化程度呈下降趋势,西北—东南方向各时期城市密度均质化程度相对较好,空间差异相对较小,而东—西方向差异最为明显。④ 分析不同时期城市设置的相关因素发现,221 BC-1911 AD年间,中国城市设置相对集中在地形平坦、气候适中且靠近河流及中心城市的地区。
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| 关 键 词： | 地学视角 城市分布 中国 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-12-11 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015-04-05 |
The distribution of cities in China and its influencing factors |
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| Shuting JIN,Bo LI,Yongchun YANG,Peiji SHI,Kunbo SHI,Fuwen DA.The distribution of cities in China and its influencing factors[J].Geographical Research,2015,34(7):1352-1366. |
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| Authors: | Shuting JIN Bo LI Yongchun YANG Peiji SHI Kunbo SHI Fuwen DA |
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| Institution: | 1. Resource and Environment College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China2. Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environment Systems of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China3. College of Geography and Environment Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper aims to examine the distribution of cities in China during 221 BC-1911 AD and its influencing factors. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) the urban distribution gravity center of China during the entire study stage was located in the central and eastern regions and firstly, moved sharply southwestward from the Qin dynasty to the Tang dynasty. Secondly, the gravity center moved toward the northeast from the Tang dynasty to the Yuan dynasty, and then toward the southwest direction. Finally, the gravity center during the Yuan-Qing dynasty moved mainly towards the north direction. In this paper, we divided China into east and west parts by the population line of Tengchong-Aihui and found that during the study period, the gravity center path in the western region presented a large fluctuation trend in both the south-north and the east-west directions. However, the moving trajectory of the gravity center in the eastern region was similar to that of the whole country. (2) The analyses of the standard deviational ellipses showed that the urban distribution in the whole country, the eastern region, and the western region exhibited a distribution pattern of "decentralization, centralization and decentralization", and this trend in the western region was most obvious. From the perspective of the average direction, the urban distribution in the whole country and the eastern region were similar to a certain degree, with the northeast-southwest as the main characteristics. However, the urban distribution in the western region took the northwest-southeast as the main features. (3) Based on the urban density distribution and spatial correlation, we found that its spatial continuity and self-organization were continuously strengthened, and the structural variation was in a significant state. Viewing from the direction, we concluded that the degree of homogenization on the Omni-direction tended to decline. The urban density homogenization degree of each dynasty in the northwest and southeast directions was relatively good and the spatial differences were minimal, but the spatial differences in the east and west directions were most obvious. (4) The analysis of the related factors of the urban setting up in different periods revealed that the setting up of the cities of China during 221 BC-1911 AD mainly focused on the flat terrain near the river and the central city with moderate climate. |
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| Keywords: | the perspective of geography urban distribution China |
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