| 历史-因果论大地构造学刍议 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈国达.历史-因果论大地构造学刍议[J].大地构造与成矿学,1992,16(1):1-71. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈国达 |
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| 摘 要： | 随着大地构造学的不断发展,出现过的理论很多.它们此起彼落.更替频繁.究其原因.要从高层次来分析. 地质学史上.关于地质学的研究目的,一向存在两种不同的看法.一种认为主要在于对地球历史的重建.并把研究重点放在追索地质事件的时间序列上,可称为历史论地质学.另一种则认为主要在于对地球变革的理解.并把重点放在探究支配地球变化的一般规律.可称因果论地质学.作为地质学中涉及地球科学许多根本性问题的大地构造学,这种分岐自然尤为突出.并形成了历史论大地构造学和因果论大地构造学. 在历史论大地构造学的理论中.最流行的为地槽地台理论.它主要研究地壳演化的阶段划分.构造单元的出现顺序和历史生因关系.在因果论大地构造学的理论中.著名的有地质力学和板块理论,前者主要探究诸种构造的力学性质和成因.以及构造体系的划分.后者则主要探索岩石圈块体的移动和互相间的力学关系.以及移动的力源机制.由于历史论和因果论各有其主要的研究对象和研究方法,因而各有其自己方面的优点和长处,而且两方面都是解决地球构造问题所需要的.都具有重大的意义和作用。缺一不可.另一方面,由于各自的主要研究目的和研究对象的要求.来不及重视另一方面的优点和长处.遂致两方面都难以适应全面地解决地球构造多方面问题的要求.如果把它们两方的研究目的兼顾,统一研究;并把两方研究方法和长处结合起来,融为一体,就会互相补益、相辅相成,能够比较全面地研究地球构造及其所成矿产的时间空间分布规律.更有成效地指导找矿。作者设想的这样一门综合性大地构造学.叫做“历史-因果论大地构造学”. 体现把历史论同因果论大地构造学两方研究对象结合起来.融为一体的研究思路和途径.主要是建立一个把岩石圈演化与运动统一研究的综合性的构造概念.叫做“壳体”.壳体的定义是这样:“地球硬壳(相当于岩石圈)在其形成和发展过程中.可能先后不一地出现于不同地域,在诞生、成长、运动、变化和发展等方面分异进行;既在演化又在运动(包括移动)的时空综合的全球性基本构造单元。”它们在形式一表现为岩石圈的既不断发展又变化位置的块体.各有其自身的诞生时代,成长方式和发展历程,演化阶段和成熟度.物质组成及地壳性质.垂向及平向结构.构造单元组成,面积、厚度、形状及其变化,整体及体内运动,地球物理、地球化学、生物演化、成矿演化及其时空规律等方面的特点。不同壳体可由不同数目(或)不同性质类别的大地构造体制的构造区组成. 历史因果论大地构造学的研究指导思想和研究方法,主要包括下列几点:(1)发展观点同联系观点结合:(2)时间观念同三维空间观念结合;(3)水平运动同垂直运动并重:(4)壳体的整体运动同体内运动并重;(5)构造层划分与构造系划分结合;(6)洋壳同陆壳兼顾;(7)远古与近代并重;(8)全球与地区兼顾;(9)岩石圈演化与运动并重.
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| 关 键 词： | 历史-因果论大地构造学 历史动力综合分析法 壳体 壳体演化运动学 壳体成矿学 |
HISTORISTIC-CAUSATIONIST GEOTECTONICS |
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| Abstract: | Many theories have been proposed during development of geotectonics. They replaced each other frequently. The reason needs to bc analysed from a high level.In the history of geology there were two different views regarding the aim of geological research. One school aims geological researeh primarily at the reconstruction of Earth history and puts stress on tracing the chronology of geological events. It may be named historistic geology. The other aims geological rescareh at the understanding of Earth revolution and places emphasis on exploring the general regurality governing Earth change. It may be called causationist geology. Such a divergence manifests itself, of course, particularly prominently in geotectonics, a branch of geology dealing with many fundamental problems of Earth sciences. As a result, two disciplines, historistic geotectonics and causationist geotectonics, emerged.Among the theories of historistic geotectonics the most prevalent is geosynclinc-platform theory. It studies stage dision in crustal evolution, occurrence sequence of tectonic elements and historic-genetic relationship between them. Among the theories of causationist geotectonies the most famous are geomechanics and plate tectonics. The former principally probes into the mechanical behaviour and origin of structures and division of them into tectonic systems. The latter explores primarily the motion of lithospheric plates, their mechanical relationships and the dynamic mechanism for their motion. On the one hand, as historism and causationism have their respectivc objects and methods of studing, they have their respective merits and strong points. Moreover, both are necessary for, and play an important role in, solving tectonic problems. On the other hand, restricted by its own aim an object of studying, one school is unable to pay attention to the merits and strong points of the other. As a consequence, both schools arc difficult to meet the requirements for an overall settlement of many-sided tectonic problems. If the aim f the two schools are taken into concurrent consideration and put into united study, and if the strong points of the two schools arc integrated with each other, they will supplement one another, and we can study the structure of the Earth and the temporal-spatial distribution pattern of resultant ores in an all-round way to more effectivcly guide mineral prospecting. Such a comprchensive geotectonics, proposed by the author, is called historistic-causationist geotectonics.The thinking and method of studying, reflecting the integration of the objects studied by historistic and causationist geotectonies, is to set up a comprchensive tectonic concept, the concept of "crustobody", which concurrently studies the evolution and motion of the lithosphere. Crustobodics are defined as "gigantic comprehensive units in temporal and spatial tectonic evolution and motion, which originate in different domains at different times in the process of formation end development of the carth's hard crust (lithosphere) and which difrentiate in growth, motion, modification and development. Formally they appear as lithospheric blocks, constantly evolving and moving, cach associated with particular birth age, growth mode, development course, cvolutional stages, maturity dcgrec, material composition, crustal type, vertical and lateral crustal construction, tectonic element makeup, area, thickness, shape and their change, overall and internal movements, geophysics, geochemistry, organism evolution, metallogenic evolution and temporal-spatial distribution pattern of mineral deposits. Different crustobodics consist of tectonic regions with different numbers and / or different tectonic regimes.The guiding ideology and method of studying Used by historistic-causationist geotectonics mainly comprise the following points: (1) development view combined with relation view; (2) conception of time combined with conception of three-dimentional space; (3) laying equal stress on both horizontal and vertical movements; (4) laying equal stress on both overal and in |
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| Keywords: | Historistic-causationist geotectonics historic-dynamic comprehensive analysis method crustobody crustobody evolution-kinematics crustobody metallogeny |
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