Determination of dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in sediments from UK estuaries using a bio-analytical approach: chemical-activated luciferase expression (CALUX) assay |
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| Authors: | Hurst Mark R Balaam Jan Chan-Man Yin L Thain John E Thomas Kevin V |
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| Institution: | Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Burnham Laboratory, Remembrance Avenue, Burnham-on-Crouch, Essex CM0 8HA, UK. |
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| Abstract: | The DR-CALUX assay has been utilised for the bio-analytical screening of a number of estuarine sediments for dioxin-like activity. Total sediment extracts (samples containing all extracted compounds) and cleaned-up extracts (samples with the most stable compounds isolated from the total extracts) were screened. The concentration of the stable dioxin-like compounds in the cleaned-up sediment extracts was between 1.0 and 106 pgTEQCALUX g(-1) dry weight. The majority of sediments contained levels of dioxin-like compounds that were above concentrations that are considered to be a low risk to aquatic organisms. The CALUX bio-analytical approach showed some disparity with the traditional analytical approach. The reasons for these differences have been identified tentatively: firstly, the DR-CALUX assay responds to all dioxin-like compounds, and secondly, it measures non-additive effects. The dioxin-like activity of compounds in sediment total extracts, which contain both labile and stable compounds, were also assessed and were six orders of magnitude higher than the cleaned-up samples. This suggests the vast majority of the total dioxin-like activity is attributable to labile compounds. Overall, the DR-CALUX assay is shown to be a useful tool in the assessment of dioxin-like activity in estuarine sediments. |
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