The transport and fate of Fe,Mn, Cu,Zn, Cd,Pb and SO4 in a groundwater plume and in downstream surface waters in the Coeur d'Alene Mining District,Idaho, U.S.A. |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Engineering Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Egypt;2. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Science, Physics Department, Cairo, Egypt;1. Institut Mines-Télécom (IMT) Lille Douai, Université de Lille, Département Sciences de l’Atmosphère et Génie de l’Environnement (SAGE), F-59500 Lille, France;2. Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR 6251 du CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Bat. 11C, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France;4. Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522 – PC2A, PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l''Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France;5. Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Campus Universitario, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain;1. CAS Key Laboratory of Crust–Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710075, China |
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| Abstract: | The controls on metal concentrations in a plume of acidic (pH 3.29–5.55) groundwater in the Moon Creek watershed in Idaho, U.S.A., were investigated with the use of property-property plots. A plot of Ca vs S demonstrated that a plume of contaminated groundwater was being diluted by infiltration of rain and creek water at shallow depths and by ambient groundwater near bedrock. The small amount of dissolved Fe (2.1 mg/l) was removed while dissolved Pb was added, reaching a maximum concentration of 0.37 mg/l. The other metals (Zn ≤ 16, Al ≤ 6.2, Cu ≤ 2.1 and Cd ≤ 0.077 mg/l) in the shallow groundwater were essentially conserved until they emerged as a seep along the creek bank. Upon mixing with the creek water, groundwater was diluted by factors between 11 and 50, and the pH of the mixture became neutral. Metals originating from the contaminated groundwater were removed in the creek in the following order: Fe > Al > Pb ? Cu > Mn > Zn = Cd.Pb and Cu continued to be removed from solution even as the creek passed adjacent to a tailings pile. In contrast, Zn concentrations in the creek increased adjacent to the tailings area, presumably as a result of the reemergence of the upgradient plume as the creek lost elevation.Below the tailings dam, contaminated creek water (400–800 μg Zn/l) was diluted by both smaller side streams and a creek of equal flow. The presence of 3 distinctive water masses required the use of two tracers (dissolved Si and S) to distinguish between mixing and geochemical reactions. The removal of metals was greater during low flow conditions. Pb was removed to the greatest extent, falling below detection limits (0.5 μ/l) at the first sampling location. Copper and Mn were removed to a lesser extent during low flow conditions and approached conservative behavior during high flow conditions. During a 5-km journey through two hydrological regimes, less than 10% of the dissolved Zn and Cd was lost. |
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