Mercury emissions and stable isotopic compositions at Vulcano Island (Italy) |
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| Authors: | T Zambardi JE Sonke JP Toutain F Sortino H Shinohara |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Resource and Environment Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Mines Environmental Remediation and Wetland Ecological Security, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China;3. Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;4. Water Quality Centre, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada;5. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China;6. CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;7. Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS/IRD/Université de Toulouse, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse, 31400, France;1. Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, 3303 33rd St NW, Calgary, AB T2L 2A7, Canada;2. Department of Geology and Environmental Geosciences, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424, United States of America;3. State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China |
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| Abstract: | Sampling and analyses methods for determining the stable isotopic compositions of Hg in an active volcanic system were tested and optimized at the volcanic complex of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Condensed gaseous fumarole Hg(fum)T, plume gaseous elemental Hg(g)0 and plume particulate Hg(p)II were obtained at fumaroles F0, F5, F11, and FA. The average total Hg emissions, based on HgT/SO2 in condensed fumarolic gases and plumes, range from 2.5 to 10.1 kg y? 1, in agreement with published values Ferrara, R., Mazzolai, B., Lanzillotta, E., Nucaro, E., Pirrone, N., 2000. Volcanoes as emission sources of atmospheric mercury in the Mediterranean Basin. Sci. Total Environ. 259(1–3), 115–121; Aiuppa, A., Bagnato, E., Witt, M.L.I., Mather, T.A., Parello, F., Pyle, D.M., Martin, R.S., 2007. Real-time simultaneous detection of volcanic Hg and SO2 at La Fossa Crater, Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Sicily). Geophys. Res. Lett. 34(L21307).]. Plume Hg(p)II increases with distance from the fumarole vent, at the expense of Hg(g)0 and indicates significant in-plume oxidation and condensation of fumarole Hg(fum)T.Relative to the NIST SRM 3133 Hg standard, the stable isotopic compositions of Hg are δ202Hg(fum)T = ? 0.74‰ ± 0.18 (2SD, n = 4) for condensed gaseous fumarole Hg(fum)T, δ202Hg(g)0 = ? 1.74‰ ± 0.36 (2SD, n = 1) for plume gaseous elemental Hg(g)0 at the F0 fumarole, and δ202Hg(p)II = ? 0.11‰ ± 0.18 (2SD, n = 4) for plume particulate Hg(p)II. The enrichment of Hg(p)II in the heavy isotopes and Hg(g)0 in the light isotopes relative to the total condensed fumarolic Hg(fum)T gas complements the speciation data and demonstrates a gas-particle fractionation occurring after the gas expulsion in ambient T° atmosphere. A first order Rayleigh equilibrium condensation isotope fractionation model yields a fractionation factor αcond-gas of 1.00135 ± 0.00058. |
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