Decadal variation of thermocline-sea surface temperature feedback in the tropical Indian Ocean and the underlying mechanisms |
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| Authors: | Meiqi Zhang Shuangwen Sun Lin Liu Yongcan Zu Lin Feng |
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| Institution: | 1.First Institute of Oceanography, and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China2.Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China3.Shandong Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao 266061, China |
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| Abstract: | The thermocline-sea surface temperature (SST) feedback is the most important component of the Bjerknes feedback, which plays an important role in the development of the air-sea coupling modes of the Indian Ocean. The thermocline-SST feedback in the Indian Ocean has experienced significant decadal variations over the last 40 a. The feedback intensified in the late twentieth century and then weakened during the hiatus in global warming at the early twenty-first century. The thermocline-SST feedback is most prominent in the southeastern and southwestern Indian Ocean. Although the decadal variations of feedback are similar in these two regions, there are still differences in the underlying mechanisms. The decadal variations of feedback in the southeastern Indian Ocean are dominated by variations in the depth of the thermocline, which are modulated by equatorial zonal wind anomalies. Whereas the decadal variation of feedback in the southwestern Indian Ocean is mainly controlled by the intensity of upwelling and thermocline depth in winter and spring, respectively. The upwelling and thermocline depth are both affected by wind stress curl anomalies over the southeastern Indian Ocean, which excite anomalous Ekman pumping and influence the southwestern Indian Ocean through westward propagating Rossby waves. |
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| Keywords: | Indian Ocean thermocline-SST feedback decadal variation upwelling thermocline depth |
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