GIS applications for military operations in coastal zones |
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| Authors: | S Fleming T Jordan M Madden EL Usery R Welch |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Environmental and Geographical Sciences, Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996, United States;2. Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science, Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States;3. Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science, US Geological Survey, 1400 Independence Road, Rolla, MO 65401-2502, United States;1. Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, 1100 Fairview Avenue North, E3-300, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;2. Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7705, Cape Town, South Africa;3. Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;1. School of Civil Engineering, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, 22 Shaoshan South Road, Changsha 410004, PR China;2. Department of Land Surveying & Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;1. Department of Industrial Engineering, Marmara University, Kadikoy 34722, Istanbul, Turkey;2. Department of Engineering and the Built Environment, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex CM1 1SQ, UK |
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| Abstract: | In order to successfully support current and future US military operations in coastal zones, geospatial information must be rapidly integrated and analyzed to meet ongoing force structure evolution and new mission directives. Coastal zones in a military-operational environment are complex regions that include sea, land and air features that demand high-volume databases of extreme detail within relatively narrow geographic corridors. Static products in the form of analog maps at varying scales traditionally have been used by military commanders and their operational planners. The rapidly changing battlefield of 21st Century warfare, however, demands dynamic mapping solutions. Commercial geographic information system (GIS) software for military-specific applications is now being developed and employed with digital databases to provide customized digital maps of variable scale, content and symbolization tailored to unique demands of military units. Research conducted by the Center for Remote Sensing and Mapping Science at the University of Georgia demonstrated the utility of GIS-based analysis and digital map creation when developing large-scale (1:10,000) products from littoral warfare databases. The methodology employed–selection of data sources (including high resolution commercial images and Lidar), establishment of analysis/modeling parameters, conduct of vehicle mobility analysis, development of models and generation of products (such as a continuous sea–land DEM and geo-visualization of changing shorelines with tidal levels)–is discussed. Based on observations and identified needs from the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, formerly the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, and the Department of Defense, prototype GIS models for military operations in sea, land and air environments were created from multiple data sets of a study area at US Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. Results of these models, along with methodologies for developing large-scale littoral warfare databases, aid the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency in meeting littoral warfare analysis, modeling and map generation requirements for US military organizations. |
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