| 综述:对虾弧菌病及其免疫预防的研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡超群,陶保华.综述:对虾弧菌病及其免疫预防的研究进展[J].热带海洋学报,2000,19(3):84-94. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡超群 陶保华 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所,广东,广州,510301 |
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| 基金项目： | 广东省自然科学基金重点项目!( 963029)，中国科学院生命科学与技术研究特别支持项目!(Y982201)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 弧菌病是影响对虾养殖业最为常见、危害较重的一类疾病。其症状一般为红腿、黄鳃、烂尾、烂眼、甲壳溃疡、肌肉白浊等 ,常伴有败血症。副溶血弧菌Vibriopara haemolyticus是人们发现最早的对虾病原弧菌 ,随后溶藻弧菌V .alginolyticus,鳗弧菌V .anguillarum ,哈维氏弧菌V .harveyi,创伤弧菌V .vulnificus等十多种致病弧菌陆续被发现 ,但其致病机理仍未查清。多年来弧菌病主要采用抗生素治疗 ,但抗生素治疗带来一系列严重后果 ,主要是产生耐药菌株 ,造成水体污染 ,破坏虾体免疫力 ,因此探索新的治疗途径势在必行。以提高虾体自身免疫力的免疫预防研究是当前研究的热点之一 ,它以无毒无副作用 ,不会造成环境污染等优点而显示出广阔的前景。弧菌疫苗的研制已获初步成功 ,疫苗有灭活疫苗和减毒疫苗两种。免疫方式有浸泡、口服、注射和喷雾等 ,注射方式效果最佳但费时费力且易损伤虾体 ,浸泡疫苗需要量大 ,故探索一条好的免疫方式是当前工作的重点。要进行对虾的免疫预防研究 ,必须了解对虾的免疫机制 ,一般认为虾类的免疫主要以非特异性免疫为主 ,血细胞和酚氧化酶系统在其中起着重要作用。对弧菌病的病原、病理、诊断、对虾的免疫机制及免疫预防等方面的研究进展及趋势作一回顾
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| 关 键 词： | 对虾 弧菌病 病原 病理 诊断 免疫预防 综述 |
| 修稿时间： | 1999-04-13 |
PENAEID SHRIMP VIBRIOSIS AND IMMUNE PREVENTION: A REVIEW |
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| HU Chao-qun,TAO Bao-hua.PENAEID SHRIMP VIBRIOSIS AND IMMUNE PREVENTION: A REVIEW[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2000,19(3):84-94. |
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| Authors: | HU Chao-qun TAO Bao-hua |
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| Abstract: | Vibriosis is one of the diseases damaging shrimps most. Its common symptoms are red leg, yellow or black gill, shell lesion, brown spot, cloudiness of abdominal muscle, larva luminescence. It is often accompanied by sepicemia. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the firstly discovered Vibrio sp. Thereafter more than ten species such as V. anguillarum, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. harveyi have been successively found. Although having been studied for more than 20 years, vibriosis' pathogensis is still not clear. Usually, antibiotics are used to treat the disease, but their effective scopes are narrow and a series of bad effects follows, especially they produce antibiotic resistant strains and cause environmental pollution. So it is imperative to probe into a new treating method. The immunological defense, which puts emphasis on improving shrimps' immunity, has no harmful effects and won't bring about the environmental problems. Vaccines against vibrios have achieved preliminary success, and the main routes of immunization include intra muscular injection, oral administrations, immersion and spray. Intra muscular injection is most effective but time taking, immersion and oral administration are following, while spray is rarely used because of its harm to shrimps. So it's important to find a suitable method to vaccinate. As to the shrimps' immunological research, the immune mechanism of shrimps is still unclear. It is commonly believed that immune of shrimps is mainly non special defense, in the process of which circulating haemocytes and prophanoloxidase system play an important role. This paper will try to summarize the present research status and trend of pathogens, pathology, diagnosis, immune mechanism and the defense of immunology. |
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| Keywords: | penaeid shrimp vibriosis pathogen pathology diagnosis immune prevention vaccine review |
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