| 湖南张家界溹水河谷与流域形态特征及其地貌意义 |
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| 引用本文： | 师长兴,齐德利.湖南张家界溹水河谷与流域形态特征及其地貌意义[J].古地理学报,2013,15(6):865-874. |
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| 作者姓名： | 师长兴 齐德利 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京 100101 |
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| 基金项目： | 张家界世界地质公园地质遗迹保护专项基金资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用数字高程模型(DEM)数据、地形图、地质图数据结合实地踏勘,分析并计算了张家界地貌主要分布区溹水流域河谷形态特征和侵蚀积分值(HI),探讨了流域地貌侵蚀发育阶段特征。研究发现:溹水干流比降沿程基本上逐渐减小,纵剖面呈上凹形,凹度值约为0.70;主要支流比降明显大于干流,凹度值介于0.12～0.98;溹水干流河谷宽度和宽深比沿程向下表现出上升趋势、深度表现出下降趋势;溹水河谷横剖面凹度值上游较低,中游较高,近河口又降低,平均值约为0.63,都大于0.5;上中游主要支流河谷相对窄深,下游支流河谷相对宽浅;支流河谷横剖面的凹度值变化范围较大,平均值大于0.50。说明这一地区在地壳迅速抬升之间有较长时间地壳相对稳定,横向侵蚀形成一定宽度的河漫滩,河谷为U型谷,地貌发育处于壮年期或壮年期的中晚期。河谷侧蚀,河谷凹度值大于0.5,是张家界地貌独立峰柱得以形成的重要条件;溹水流域上游下段和中游HI值较高,下游HI值较低,最高值出现在天子山周围;没有发现地势和基岩特性对溹水流域HI值分布存在显著影响;张家界砂岩峰林地貌发育地区集中于溹水上游下段和中游上段的泥盆系砂岩分布区,这一地区HI平均值为0.46,处于地貌侵蚀旋回的壮年期。
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| 关 键 词： | 张家界 溹水 河谷形态 侵蚀积分值 地貌 |
| 收稿时间： | 05 February 2013 |
Geometric characteristics of valley and basin of Suoshui River in Zhangjiajieof Hunan Province and their implications in landform evolution |
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| Shi Changxing;Qi Deli.Geometric characteristics of valley and basin of Suoshui River in Zhangjiajieof Hunan Province and their implications in landform evolution[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(6):865-874. |
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| Authors: | Shi Changxing;Qi Deli |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences andNatural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101 |
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| Abstract: | Using data of DEM,landform and geologic maps and surveys in fields,this study investigated the characteristics of valley geometry,hypsometry and the stage of landform evolution of the Suoshui River basin,in which most of the sandstone forests or pillars,the typical Zhangjiajie landform,are located.Results show that the mainstream of the Suoshui River has a concave longitudinal profile with a slope declining downstream and a concavity value of 0.70,and the principal tributaries of the river have a gradient much higher than that of the mainstream and a concavity in the range of 0.12-0.98.Along the mainstream downstream,the width and the width/depth ratio of the river valley increase and the depth decreases gradually.The cross-sectional concavity of the mainstream of the Suoshui valley is lower in the upper and lower reaches and higher in the middle reaches,and that of all the sampled sections is over 0.5 with an average of 0.63.The valleys of main tributaries in the upper and middle reaches are narrower than those in the lower reaches.They have a wide range of cross-sectional concavity but with an average larger than 0.5.The high cross-sectional concavity of the mainstream and tributaries is a reflection of the formation of U-shaped valleys with strips of floodplains along the valleys by lateral erosion during a long period of weak tectonic uplifting between two tectonic active periods,which are the characteristics of landforms in the middle and late mature stage.The lateral erosion and a higher value of cross-sectional concavity of valleys should be a favorable condition for the formation of the isolated sandstone pillars in Zhangjiajie.In the Suoshui basin,the hypsometric integral is higher in the lower part of the upper reaches and in the middle reaches with the highest values occurring around the Tianzishan peak.No relation of the hypsometric integral with relief and rock property is detected in the basin.The sandstone forests and pillars in Zhangjiajie concentrate in the areas with Devonian sandstone as the bedrock in the lower part of the upper reaches and upper part of the middle reaches,where the fluvial-erosional landforms are in their mature stage indicated by a mean hypsometric integral of 0.46. |
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| Keywords: | Zhangjiajie Suoshui River valley geometry hypsometric integral landform |
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