| 青海湖流域土壤可蚀性K值研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘吉峰,李世杰,秦宁生,于守兵.青海湖流域土壤可蚀性K值研究[J].干旱区地理,2006,29(3):321-326. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘吉峰 李世杰 秦宁生 于守兵 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏,南京,210008;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100039;中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏,南京,210008;青海省气候资料中心,青海,西宁,810001 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院基金
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中国科学院资助项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 以土壤亚类为基础,依据青海省第二次土壤普查资料建立了青海湖流域土壤亚类理化性质数据库.使用Wischmeier建立的通用方程计算土壤可蚀性K值,利用三次样条函数插值方法转换不同粒径标准的土壤质地;分别使用土壤有机质含量和土壤最小饱和水力传导率来确定土壤的结构和渗透级别.根据计算结果,建立了青海湖流域土壤可蚀性的分级指标.结果显示,中等和高等可蚀性K值的土壤面积分别占流域土壤总面积的72.1%和15.5%,土壤易于侵蚀.使用Arc/Info对青海湖流域土壤地图进行数字化得到值的K空间分布图,分析了流域可蚀性K值的分布规律及其土壤沙化原因,这对青海湖流域水土保持及流域长期规划具有重要意义.
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤质地转换 可蚀性K值 青海湖流域 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-6060（2006）03-0321-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-09-23 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-12-29 |
Soil Erodiable K in the catchment of Qinghai Lake |
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| LIU Ji-feng,LI Shi-jie,Qin Ning-sheng,Yu Shou-bing.Soil Erodiable K in the catchment of Qinghai Lake[J].Arid Land Geography,2006,29(3):321-326. |
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| Authors: | LIU Ji-feng LI Shi-jie Qin Ning-sheng Yu Shou-bing |
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| Abstract: | Qinghai Lake is the largest saline lake in China with a water area of 4260km~2.The catchment area of Qinghai Lake is 29 661km~2.The lake level has been descending in about 10 cm per year during the last tens years because of the climate warming and human activity,which has been leading the ecological and environmen- tal problems in the catchment getting severe,such as pasture degradation and soil desertification.It is necessary to study the characteristic of soil erosion for the planning of the soil and water conservation in this region.Based upon the data of the subsoil species and the second soil Survey information of Qinghai Province,this paper estab- lished the database of various subsoil types in the catchment of Qinghai Lake.The erodibility K value was calcu- lated with the general equation developed by Wischmeier.Conversion of different soil texture was completed by the method of cubic spline function,and organic matter content and minimum saturated hydraulic conductivity were used to determine the soil texture and profile permeability classes respectively.Digital soil map of the catchment has been obtained from the base maps using Arc/info programme.Spatial distribution map of erodi- bility K values has been made by converting the soil physical and chemical database into attribute database of digital soil map.Based on these results,the indexes to classify the soil erodibility were developed in the catch- ment of Qinghai Lake. The results indicate that the areas of medium erodibility soil and higher erodibility soil make 72.1% and 15.5% respectively of the whole area of the catchment,which shows that potential soil erosion could be quite strong.The characteristics of spatial distribution of soil erodibility are listed as follows:(1)The area with higher erodibility is mainly concentrating around Qinghai Lake with the chestnut soil,and some small areas in high mountain in the northwestern part of the catchment;(2) the lower terraces and the lake-side plain are of the lower erodibility K values.The main soil types are meadow bog and marshy soil;(3) the areas in the north and east sides of the lake have been seriously desertificated.In addition,erodibility K value has seasonal and yearly variation with the ground conditions.Higher erodibility K value and overgrazing as well as unreasonable cultiva- tion could be the main reasons for the strong soil erosion and desertification.Ecosystem in this region is very vul- nerable at the present,and more attention should be paid to these problems to prevent the ecosyetem from dete- rioration. |
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| Keywords: | erodibility K value soil texture transition the catchment of Qinghai Lake |
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