| 高温影响下西安市人口脆弱性评估及其空间分异 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 黄晓军,祁明月,赵凯旭,郑殿元,刘萌萌.高温影响下西安市人口脆弱性评估及其空间分异[J].地理研究,2021,40(6):1684-1700. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 黄晓军 祁明月 赵凯旭 郑殿元 刘萌萌 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1.西北大学城市与环境学院,西安 7101272.陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安 7101273.陕西西安城市生态系统定位观测研究站,西安 7101274.北京清华同衡规划设计研究院有限公司西北分公司,西安 710000 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(41971178);陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLESS201807);西安市社科基金世界城地组织专项重点项目(cds01) |
| |
| 摘 要： | 高温给城市人口健康和社会发展带来的脆弱性后果愈发严重,如何科学量化与评估城市高温人口脆弱性,为制定更具针对性的高温适应对策提供科学依据成为当前国际研究热点。在城市高温人口脆弱性分析框架基础上,以西安市为例,整合遥感影像、手机信令、POI、社会经济等多源数据,从高温暴露、敏感性、适应能力3个维度构建高温影响下人口脆弱性评估指标体系和脆弱性测度模型,揭示高温人口脆弱性等级分布特征和空间异质性,识别人口脆弱性空间地域及其致脆因子类型。结果表明：① 西安市高温暴露、敏感性和适应能力都表现出显著的空间集聚特征,且总体上均呈现出“中心-边缘”结构,即城市中心地区形成“高暴露、高敏感、高适应”,城市边缘表现为“低暴露、低敏感、低适应”。② 西安市人口脆弱性以低值和较低水平为主,脆弱性也具有显著的空间集聚性,脆弱性较高地区主要集中在城市三环以内,形成断续的“岛状”分布形态,脆弱性低值和较低值地区分布在城市边缘。③ 不同致脆类型的面积占比依次为综合主导型（37.3%）>高温暴露主导型（33.3%）>适应能力不足主导型（23.6%）>人口敏感主导型（5.8%）;高温暴露主导型广泛分布在城市中心、北部和西部等地,人口敏感主导型相对集中在城市中心偏南地区,适应能力不足主导型主要分布在城市边缘,综合主导型主要集中在城市南部,北部也有大量分散式分布。本研究可在城市高温人口脆弱性评估方法,城市高温人口脆弱性的减缓与治理等方面提供借鉴和启示。
|
| 关 键 词： | 高温 人口 脆弱性 暴露 敏感性 适应能力 西安市 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-09-22 |
Assessment of population vulnerability to heat stress and spatial differentiation in Xi'an |
| |
| HUANG Xiaojun,QI Mingyue,ZHAO Kaixu,ZHENG Dianyuan,LIU Mengmeng.Assessment of population vulnerability to heat stress and spatial differentiation in Xi'an[J].Geographical Research,2021,40(6):1684-1700. |
| |
| Authors: | HUANG Xiaojun QI Mingyue ZHAO Kaixu ZHENG Dianyuan LIU Mengmeng |
| |
| Institution: | 1. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China3. Shaanxi Xi'an Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Xi'an 710127, China4. Northwest Branch of Beijing Tsinghua Tongheng Urban Planning and Design Institute, Xi'an 710000, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Due to extreme heat events and urban heat island effects, urban population health and socio-economic development have become increasingly vulnerable. How to accurately quantify and assess the urban population vulnerability to heat, and provide a scientific basis for formulating more targeted heat adaptation strategies has become an international research hotspot. This study aimed to assess the population vulnerability to heat stress in Xi'an, and obtain a fine-scale urban vulnerability map. First, we integrated remote sensing, cellular signaling data, POI and other socioeconomic data, and constructed an assessment index system of population vulnerability based on three dimensions including exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Second, we developed a population vulnerability model to measure exposure index, sensitivity index, adaptive capacity index, and population vulnerability index at grid scale in Xi'an. Finally, this study revealed the spatial distribution and heterogeneity of population vulnerability in the study area, and identified vulnerability types and its spatial pattern. The results are shown in the following aspects. (1) The exposure index, sensitivity index and adaptability index not only present significant spatial agglomeration characteristics, but also show a clear center-periphery structure. The central areas of the city are dominated by the high exposure index, high sensitivity index, and high adaptive capacity index, while the outer urban areas are dominated by low exposure index, low sensitivity index, and low adaptive capacity index. (2) The proportion of the area with the lowest and lower levels of population vulnerability index is larger in Xi'an. The population vulnerability index also shows significant spatial agglomeration. The areas with high population vulnerability index are mainly concentrated within the third ring road of the city, while the areas with low vulnerability index are concentrated in the urban fringe areas. (3) According to different dominant factors, vulnerability is grouped into four types including exposure-dominated, sensitivity-dominated, low adaptability, and comprehensive type, and their proportions to the total urban area are 33.3%, 5.8%, 23.6%, and 37.3%, respectively. The spatial distribution of the four types is as follows: the exposure-dominant areas are concentrated in the center, north and west of the city; the sensitivity-dominant areas are in the center and south of the city; the low adaptability areas are concentrated in the urban fringe areas; the comprehensive type areas are mainly distributed in the south and north of the city. This study can provide a new approach for assessing urban population vulnerability to heat stress at fine-scale, and give enlightenment for mitigation and governance of urban heat vulnerability. |
| |
| Keywords: | heat population vulnerability exposure sensitivity adaptive capacity Xi'an |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《地理研究》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《地理研究》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
