Effects of land use on the spatial distribution of trace metals and volatile organic compounds in urban groundwater, Seoul, Korea |
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| Authors: | Seong-Sook Park Soon-Oh Kim Seong-Taek Yun Gi-Tak Chae Soon-Young Yu Seungki Kim Young Kim |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Earth& Environmental Sciences and the Environmental Geosphere Research Lab (EGRL), Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea;(2) Department of Earth& Environmental Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Korea;(3) Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, N21 3G1 Waterloo, ON, Canada;(4) Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Korea;(5) Department of Environmental Engineering, Seochang Campus, Korea University, Jochiwon-eup, Chungnam, Korea |
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| Abstract: | To investigate the urban groundwater contamination by eight trace metals and 69 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in relation
to land use in Seoul, a total of 57 groundwater samples collected from wells were examined using a non-parametric statistical
analysis. Land use was classified into five categories: less-developed, residential, agricultural, traffic, and industrial.
A comparison of analyzed data with US EPA and Korean standards for drinking water showed that some metals and VOCs exceeded
the standards in a few localities, such as Fe (N=5), Mn (N=6), Cu (N=1), TCE (N=6), PCE (N=8), 1,2-DCA (N=1), and 1,2-dichloropropane (N=1). Among the 69 investigated VOCs, 19 compounds such as some gasoline-related compounds (e.g., toluene) and chlorinated
compounds (e.g., chloroform, PCE, TCE) were detected in groundwater. Non-parametric statistical analysis showed that the concentrations
of most trace metals (Fe, Mn, As, Cr, Pb, Cd) and some VOCs (especially, TCE, PCE, chloroform; toluene, carbon tetrachloride,
bromodichloromethane, CFC113) are significantly higher in the industrial, residential, and traffic areas (P<0.05), indicating that anthropogenic contamination of urban groundwater by those chemicals is growing. Those chemicals can
be used as effective indicators of anthropogenic contamination of groundwater in urban areas and therefore a special attention
is warranted for a safe water supply in those areas. The results of this study suggest that urban groundwater quality in urban
areas is closely related with land use. |
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| Keywords: | Urban groundwater Seoul Trace metals Volatile organic compounds Non-parametric statistical analysis Land use |
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