| 活动断裂带断层泥的纳微米构造研究方法 |
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| 引用本文： | 王雷,晁洪太,王志才,付俊东,万永魁,杨传成,吴頔,刘军.活动断裂带断层泥的纳微米构造研究方法[J].震灾防御技术,2018,13(3):600-609. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王雷 晁洪太 王志才 付俊东 万永魁 杨传成 吴頔 刘军 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山东省地震局工程地震重点实验室, 济南 250014 |
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| 基金项目： | 地震科技星火计划攻关项目（XH17020），中央高校基本科研业务费（ZY20150317），山东省地震局科技创新团队（活动构造研究）和山东省自然科学基金（ZR2012DM005）共同资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 断层泥是研究活动断裂带运动性质和活动习性的重要介质。以往，对断层泥的研究主要借助偏光显微镜和低真空扫描电镜进行，观察到的现象有限。借助高真空扫描电镜从纳微米尺度对断层泥进行更精细化的研究，其方法是对野外断层泥进行定向原状样品采集，通过室内样品自然风干、微样制作、表面镀金和扫描电镜观察，从纳微米尺度研究a-b组构面和a-c组构面的各种变形现象。此方法可以帮助确定断层的运动性质、断层滑动面的新老关系，并可鉴别粘滑过程与蠕滑过程；同时，还可以对工程场地中发现的黏土滑动面进行鉴别，区分地震断层和非地震断层。
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| 关 键 词： | 活动断裂带 断层泥 纳微米构造 研究方法 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/12/21 0:00:00 |
Observation of Nano/micro-scale Structures of Gouges in the Active Fault Zones |
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| Wang Lei,Chao Hongtai,Wang Zhicai,Fu Jundong,Wan Yongkui,Yang Chuancheng,Wu Di and Liu Jun.Observation of Nano/micro-scale Structures of Gouges in the Active Fault Zones[J].Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention,2018,13(3):600-609. |
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| Authors: | Wang Lei Chao Hongtai Wang Zhicai Fu Jundong Wan Yongkui Yang Chuancheng Wu Di and Liu Jun |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Engineering Earthquake, Shandong Earthquake Agency, Jinan 250014, China2.Institute of Disaster Prevention, Sanhe 065201, Hebei, China3.The First Monitoring and Application Center, China Earthquake Administration, Tianjin 300180, China |
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| Abstract: | Gouges are the common product bydeformation in the shallow crust of the active fault zones. They are made up of unconsolidated clastic, rock grains and clay minerals. Generally, the width of gouges in a fault zone is only a few millimeters to tens of meters, while it formed from one earthquake motion which is just a few millimeters to several centimeters. Gouges record the history and retain all kinds of the active fault zones. Therefore, as an important medium, gouges are useful to study the movement and activity of the active fault zones. In this paper we use high vacuum scanning electron microscope to study of structures of gouges at nano/micro-scale. Firstly, original-state directional samples of gouges in the active fault zones are collected. Secondly, the samples are dried up naturally in laboratory before they are made into micro samples. Thirdly, before observing nano/micro-structures by high vacuum scanning electron microscope, the surfaces of micro samples need to be coated with a layer of gold. Lastly, all kinds of phenomena of deformations on fabric in a-b surface and fabric in a-c surface are analyzed. For example, striations, ridges, grooves, groups of striations in different directions, slickenside, steps and arrangement types of clay minerals can be observed from fabric in a-b surface. Folds, gravels surrounded by clay minerals, rotation, break, clastic particle packed by clay minerals and other phenomena of deformations can be observed from fabric in a-b surface. These phenomena represent different meanings and reflect different mechanical property, which is useful in study of the fault movement, fault age, faulting mode, and faulting type. |
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| Keywords: | Active fault zone Gouges Nano/micro-scale structure Observation method |
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