Seasonal upwelling on the Western and Southern Shelves of the Gulf of Mexico |
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| Authors: | Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo Artemio Gallegos-García Benjamín Martínez-López Steven L Morey James J O’Brien |
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| Institution: | (1) Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior s/n, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, México, D.F., Mexico;(2) Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cd. Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacán, México, D.F., Mexico;(3) Center for Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-2840, USA |
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| Abstract: | An 8-year database of sea surface temperature (SST), 7 years of Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean color images, wind fields, and numerical model results are analyzed to identify regions and periods of coastal upwelling on the western and southern shelves of the Gulf of Mexico. On the seasonal scale, it is found that on the Tamaulipas, Veracruz, and southwestern Texas–Louisiana shelves there are upwelling favorable winds from April to August, when southeasterly winds are dominant and cold SST anomalies associated with upwelling are observed along their coasts. However, during summer, values of chlorophyll-a concentration are lower than those in autumn and winter, which are high due to advection of old bloom biological material from upstream. During winter, there is a cold front on the Tamaulipas shelf produced by advection of cold water from the Texas–Louisiana shelf and not due to upwelling. On the eastern Campeche Bank, persistent upwelling is observed due to favorable winds throughout the year with cold SST and large chlorophyll-a content along the inner shelf from May to September. On the Tamaulipas shelf, the summer upwelling delays the annual SST peak until September, while in most of the Gulf SST peaks in August. This difference is due to the end of the upwelling favorable wind conditions and the September seasonal current reversal. |
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| Keywords: | Gulf of Mexico Coastal upwelling Coastal circulation AVHRR SST |
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