| 火山灾害与监测 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘嘉麒,郭正府.火山灾害与监测[J].第四纪研究,1999,19(5):414-422. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘嘉麒 郭正府 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所!北京１０００２９ |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院“九五”重大项目，国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 世界各地几乎都有火山分布，平均每年约有50次喷发。火山喷发在给人类创造财富的同时也带来许多灾害。火山灾害取决于火山喷发的类型、性质、规模和所处的地点等因素。火山喷发动力作用引起冲击波、地震、海啸、滑坡、泥石流等灾害，火山喷出的气体、灰烬、碎屑流和熔岩流等也会造成很大灾害。由于火山造成的灾害严重又来得突然，因此必须采取有效的防范措施，认真监测以掌握火山活动的脉搏。火山监测工作主要有两方面，一是基础地质调查，二是火山活动指标的监视和测量。在中国，具有潜在危险的火山主要分布在长白山、五大连池、台湾、雷琼、腾冲以及西昆仑阿什库勒等地，其中潜在危险最大的是长白山火山。
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| 关 键 词： | 火山喷发 火山灾害 火山监测 |
| 收稿时间： | 1999-06-20 |
| 修稿时间： | 1999-07-17 |
VOLCANIC HAZARDS AND MONITORING |
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| Liu Jiaqi,Guo Zhengfu,Liu Qiang.VOLCANIC HAZARDS AND MONITORING[J].Quaternary Sciences,1999,19(5):414-422. |
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| Authors: | Liu Jiaqi Guo Zhengfu Liu Qiang |
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| Institution: | Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029 |
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| Abstract: | Volcanoes are common in the earth. At present, there are more than 1 500 activevolcanoes in the world. There are about 50 eruptions every year. Volcanic eruptions can emit a lot of lava, tephra, and gases. It presents not only a lot of wealthy butalso a lot of hazards to human. Many environmental problems, including greenhouseeffect, ozone hole, acid rain and E1 Nino, are relative to volcanic eruption. Volcanichazards are listed as main natural hazards by Union of Nations. More and moreattention is played on volcanic hazard monitoring and prevention. It is very necessaryto know the types and features of volcanic hazards and to look for effective ways tomonitor.Styles, features, scales and places of volcanic eruption determine the types ofvolcanic hazards. There are two main types of volcanic hazards . One is caused bydynamics of eruption, including landslide, mudflow, volcanic earthquake, Tsunamis.The other is caused by products of volcanic eruption, which include volcanicPyroclastic flow, lave flow, volcanic gases and aerosols, volcanic ash / tephra anderuption cloud. They not only destroy trees, animals, building, roads, bridges, butalso endanger human's life. Furthermore, some volcanic eruptions can affect globalclimate.Because of abrupt happens and serious damages, we must adopt prompt andeffective steps to monitor and defense volcanic hazards. The most important step is toknow well regulation or cycle of volcanic activity. In order to grasp the pulses ofvolcanic activity, it is very necessary to monitor carefully. The work of volcanicmonitoring is consisting of two aspects. The first is basic geology survey, whichinclude geological setting of volcano, the feature of petrology, geochemistry andgeophysics, crust deformation measurement, history and cycle of volcanic eruption.The other is to monitor index of volcanic activity, such as earthquake anomaly,geochemistry anomaly, geothermal anomaly.Despite scare recent volcanic eruption in China, there were many volcanicactivities in China according to distribution and geological, geochemistry features ofvolcanoes. Volcanoes in China are distributed on circle-Pacific and Qinghai-XizangPlateau, where has strong new tectonic activities. The possibility and dangers ofre-eruption still exists. According to acquired data, the potential dangerous volcanoesin China are mainly distributed in Changbai Mountain, Wudalianchi, Taiwan, Leiqiong,Tengchong and Ashikule. In particular, Changbai Mountain volcano is potential themost dangerous. |
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| Keywords: | volcanic eruption volcanic hazards volcanic monitor |
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