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A re-investigation of the bloom-forming unarmored dinoflagellate Karenia longicanalis (syn. Karenia umbella ) from Chinese coastal waters |
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| Authors: | Wang Jianyan Cen Jingyi Li Si Lü Songhui Moestrup Øjvind Chan Kin-Ka Jiang Tao Lei Xiangdong |
| Institution: | 1.Department of Science Research, Beijing Museum of Natural History, Beijing, 100050, China ;2.College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China ;3.Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China ;4.Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark ;5.School of Science & Technology, Open University of Hong Kong, 999077, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China ;6.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China ;7.Wenzhou Marine Environmental Monitoring Center Station, State Oceanic Administration, Wenzhou, 325013, China ; |
| Abstract: | The dinoflagellate genus K arenia is known for recurrent harmful blooms worldwide. However, species diversity of the genus is generally overlooked owing to the difficulty of identifying small unarmored dinoflagellates. We have established four clonal cultures of K arenia longicanalis isolated from the type locality, Hong Kong harbor(strain HK01) and other three locations along the Chinese coasts(strains YB01, DT01, and NJ01). The morphology of the strain was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy(LM and SEM) and the pigment composition analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. We provide the first molecular data of K. longicanalis based on the large subunit(LSU) rRNA gene sequence and internal transcribed spacer(ITS). The four strains showed identical LSU rDNA sequences with a similarity of 99.4% to the holotype of K arenia umbella(strain KUTN05) from Australia. In the ITS phylogeny, the sequence of K. umbella branched between the Chinese strains of K. longicanalis. A careful comparison of the morphology of K. longicanalis and K. umbella reveals the similarity in the diagnostic characters. Diff erences may appear due to the sample treatment for SEM. We conclude that K. umbella is a junior synonym of K. longicanalis. |
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