| 坡面径流冲刷及泥沙输移特征的试验研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 张科利,秋吉康弘,张兴奇.坡面径流冲刷及泥沙输移特征的试验研究[J].地理研究,1998,17(2):163-170. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张科利 秋吉康弘 张兴奇 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 清华大学泥沙研究室 北京 100084;2. 日本宫崎大学 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过室内放水冲刷试验,对坡面细沟侵蚀发生的临界条件、细沟发展过程中的侵蚀产沙特征、以及影响细沟侵蚀产沙的因素进行了分析研究,得出了试验土条件下产生细沟的临界流量与坡面坡度的关系式.在分析产沙变化的基础上,探讨了细沟侵蚀量随径流量和坡面倾斜度的变化规律.
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| 关 键 词： | 侵蚀 泥沙 细沟侵蚀 |
| 收稿时间： | 1997-04-27 |
| 修稿时间： | 1997年4月27日 |
A LABORATORY STUDY ON RILL EROSION ANDSEDIMENT DELIVERY ON THE SLOPE |
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| ZHANG Keli,AkiyoshiYasuhiro,Zhang Xinqi.A LABORATORY STUDY ON RILL EROSION ANDSEDIMENT DELIVERY ON THE SLOPE[J].Geographical Research,1998,17(2):163-170. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Keli AkiyoshiYasuhiro Zhang Xinqi |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua university, Beijing 100084;2. Faculty of Agricultural Science, Miyazaki University Japan |
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| Abstract: | In the process-based models, rill erosion prediction is an important component, and the prediction sensitivity of soil loss from a given hillslope depends greatly on the calculation of rill erosion. Rill erosion occurs on slopeland only when an increase in flow shear from the increased rill spacing causes flow shear to exceed the critical threshold of soil erosion. So, in the process based models of rill erosion, critical hydraulic conditions of rill initiation have to be determined before the model can be used to predict soil loss for a given type of soil. This paper reports the results of a series of laboratory experiments, aiming at a better understanding of overland flow and sediment production mechanisms on hillslopes. The results are presented about threshold hydraulic condition needed for rill formation, characteristics of sediment delivery and velocity of flows in rill, as well as a relation of gradient to rill erosion. The process of rill erosion on the tested slope was examined and described. On the basis of statistical analysis, the formula to calculate critical flow volume of rill formation under the this test conditions was suggested as follows:Qc=1.36S0-1.37 where, Qc is the critical flow volume for rill initiation,S0is slope gradient, and flow detachment rate in rill was empirically approximated by:E=0.035Q1.065S01.811 where, E is detachment rate of rill flow, Q is flow volume in rill, and S0 is slope gradient. |
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| Keywords: | erosion sediment rill erosion |
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