| 太湖富营养化与蓝藻水华引起的饮用水危机——原因与对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 秦伯强,王小冬,汤祥明,冯胜,张运林.太湖富营养化与蓝藻水华引起的饮用水危机——原因与对策[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(9):896-906. |
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| 作者姓名： | 秦伯强 王小冬 汤祥明 冯胜 张运林 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏,南京,210008
2. 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏,南京,210008;中国科学院研究生院,北京,100039 |
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| 摘 要： | ZW（*]HT6H]〓收稿日期：.
〓作者简介：HT6SS]（1963 ），男，江苏苏州人，研究员，主要从事水环境研究.WT6HZ]E mail:WT6BZ]qinbq@niglas.ac.cnZW)]
HT4F]HT5K]()JZ）]
HT5H]GK2]
摘〓要：HT5K]2007年5月份发生在无锡太湖蓝藻水华引起的自来水危机事件进一步凸现我国湖泊富营养化的严峻局面和蓝藻水华频发的现状。从分析太湖富营养化发生、发展，蓝藻水华爆发的原因和机制入手，提出湖泊富营养化治理和蓝藻水华控制的途径和措施。研究表明，太湖富营养化之所以如此严重而且治理起来异常艰难，主要是由于太湖发育于长江中下游洪泛平原，营养本底高；由于水浅和沉水植被的退化使得频繁的风浪扰动造成内源营养盐负荷维持在一个非常高的水平；而流域内社会经济的高速发展，进一步加剧了太湖富营养化进程。蓝藻水华爆发一方面与蓝藻本身的生理特征有关，如固碳、伪空泡、光吸收及营养盐利用的能力；另一方面则与系统内物理、化学、生物环境有关，如独特的浅水湖泊水下光场结构和低的捕食压力。太湖的富营养化治理需遵循控源截污、湖泊生态修复和流域管理的原则，具体措施包括前置库和人工湿地的面源污染物控制技术；物理机械和生物去除内源营养盐削减技术；沉水植被恢复的湖泊生态修复技术。而蓝藻水华的控制技术则包括围隔拦截和导流的物理工程方法、絮凝沉降和抑藻物添加的化学工程方法以及生态浮床和生物操纵的生态工程方法。具体使用时，需要先诊断、后治理。
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| 关 键 词： | 太湖 富营养化 浅水湖泊 湖泊治理 生态恢复 |
| 文章编号： | 1001-8166（2007）09-0896-11 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-08-04 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-08-042007-08-10 |
Drinking Water Crisis Caused by Eutrophication and Cyanobacterial Bloom in Lake Taihu: Cause and Measurement |
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| QIN Bo-qiang,WANG Xiao-dong,TANG Xiang-ming,FENG Sheng,ZHANG Yun-lin.Drinking Water Crisis Caused by Eutrophication and Cyanobacterial Bloom in Lake Taihu: Cause and Measurement[J].Advance in Earth Sciences,2007,22(9):896-906. |
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| Authors: | QIN Bo-qiang WANG Xiao-dong TANG Xiang-ming FENG Sheng ZHANG Yun-lin |
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| Institution: | 1.State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008,China; 2.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China |
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| Abstract: | Drinking water crisis caused by blue algal bloom in Lake Taihu in Wuxi in May in 2007 presented austere situation of lake eutrophication and bloom in China.Based on the analysis of the eutrophication development,the cause and mechanism of bloom,the approach and measurement of lake eutrophication and control are presented.The serious eutrophication and extremely difficult lake control in Lake Taihu are attributed to the following three causes.Firstly,Lake Taihu is located in floodplain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River with high trophic history.Secondly,frequent appearance of bloom is related to the physiological advantage of cyanobacteria including fixture of carbon dioxide,vacuole for moving towards the radiant energy-rich zone,characteristic light absorption and the utilization of nutrients.Finally,bloom is related to the physical,chemical and biologic environment of ecosystem such as particular underwater light climate and low predation pressure.For the control of eutrophication,people should follow the sequence from pollution sources control,ecological restoration to catchment management.Permeable dam and wetland techniques to control external pollution,physical and biological techniques to control the internal nutrient release,and submerged aquatic vegetation restoration could be selected.The control techniques of algal bloom include the physical(enclosure),chemical(flocculation) and ecological(ecological floating bed and bio-manipulation) engineer methods.For a specific lake,applicable lake harness techniques should be selected based on the distinct ecosystem types and environmental problems. |
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| Keywords: | Lake Taihu Eutrophication Shallow lake Lake control Ecological restoration |
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