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Understanding the 2007-2008 eruption of Anak Krakatau Volcano by combining remote sensing technique and seismic data |
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| Authors: | Agustan Fumiaki KimataYoga Era Pamitro Hasanuddin Z Abidin |
| Institution: | a Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology, Jakarta 10340, Indonesia b Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648601, Japan c Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation, Bandung 40122, Indonesia d Geodesy Research Division, Institute of Technology Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia |
| Abstract: | One of the most violent volcanic eruptions in recorded history is the Krakatau eruption on August 27, 1883. This caldera-forming eruption destroyed two thirds of the Krakatau volcanic island in the Sunda Strait resulting in the remaining three small islands later known as the Krakatau complex. From 1927 to 1929, eruptions in the center of Krakatau complex have produced a new volcano named Anak Krakatau, which continuously builds its body through eruptions until now. One eruption event took place between 2007 and 2008 with several eruptions that lasted in total from the end of October 2007 to August 2008. Eruptions were characterized by Strombolian activity with ash columns 1 km high, as well as pyroclastic and lava flows. We monitored the ground deformation of Anak Krakatau Volcano by interfering PALSAR data from June 2007 to February 2009. The result of InSAR technique shows a complex pattern of ground deformation. Inflation up to 4 cm, together with subsidence around the crater, was measured for almost three months before the eruption with a volume increase of approximately 1 × 106 m3. After the eruption, the southwest side of the volcanic cone subsided by 18 cm, whereas the northeast side of the cone uplifted 12 cm in almost two years. The observed ground deformation after the eruption can be explained by 4 m of tensile opening along a dipping rectangular tensile dislocation buried in an elastic half-space, approximately 400 m below sea level. |
| Keywords: | Krakatau PALSAR InSAR Ground deformation Volcano eruption |
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