Spatio-temporal dynamics of land cover and land surface temperature in Ganges-Brahmaputra delta: A comparative analysis between India and Bangladesh |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science, Angallu, Madanapalle 517325, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India;2. Department of Civil Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India;1. Geospatial Data Scientist, Monsanto, Saint Louis, MO 63146, United States;2. Department of GIS and Remote Sensing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States;1. Department of Geography & the Environment, The University of Texas at Austin, United States;2. Department of Geography & Earth Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, United States;1. Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, IAU Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran;2. Department of Engineering and Technology, IKI University, Ghazvin, Iran;3. Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, 1417854151, Tehran, Iran;1. School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, 8 Donghu South Road, Wuhan 430072, China;2. School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China;3. Collaborative Innovation Center of Geospatial Technology, 129 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China |
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| Abstract: | Land use and land cover (LULC) change in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta (GBD) poses significant challenges towards future environmental sustainability of the region and requires regional scale monitoring of key bio-physical variables and changes in their inter-relationship over space and time. Focusing on the southern part of the lower GBD region along the international border of India and Bangladesh, this study examined the spatio-temporal variability of LULC change and its relationship with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Furthermore, LULC-LST relationships were compared between Indian and Bangladesh part and its trend in and around big cities (with more than 1 million population) and towns (with more than 100,000 population) was investigated. Results showed that LST changes were predominantly driven by LULC changes on both sides of the border. Urban growth is the dominant form of LULC change, and the rate of land change was faster in 2005–2010 time period than 1989–2005. Over the period of 21 years, mean January LST decreased by approximately 1.83 °C in Indian part and 1.85 °C in the Bangladesh part. Areas that changed from to rural from agricultural experienced decrease in mean LST, whereas those areas that changed to urban from either agriculture or rural, experienced increase in mean LST. The relationship between LULC and LST are same on both sides of the Indo-Bangladesh border. In bigger cities like Kolkata (in India) and Khulna (in Bangladesh), there is a high spatial variability in relationship between LULC and LST compared to large towns. The LULC-LST relationship in large towns in India was influenced by proximity to Kolkata and coastal areas, whereas in Bangladesh no such influence was evident. The results and the data produced in this study are crucial for monitoring LULC changes, for developing spatial decision support system, and thus will be helpful to address the current challenges of land management in the GBD region. Changes in the LULC and LST are important indicators of GBD's environmental health and access its vulnerability and thus the present findings serve as baseline information for future studies seeking to examine the impact of differential policies on the LULC change in the region. |
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| Keywords: | India Bangladesh Land use and land cover Land surface Temperature LULC-LST relationship |
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