Initiation of a reversal to uniseriality in the polymorphinid Nodocantabricus duplexmurus n. gen., n. sp.: A double-layered Foraminifera from the lower-middle Cenomanian of Cantabria,N-Spain |
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| Institution: | 1. Earth Observatory of Singapore, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore;2. Lerchenauerstr. 167, D-80935 München, Germany;1. Institute of Biology and Soil Sciences, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 960022, Russia;2. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Bogdana Khmel''nitskogo 15, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine;1. China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Lu, Beijing 100083, China;2. Department of Earth Sciences Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK;1. Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, 1501 Crestline Drive – Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-4415, USA;2. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;3. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;4. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;1. Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, 1501 Crestline Drive – Suite 140, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-4415, USA;2. Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA;3. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;4. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China;2. Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;3. University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1, Beichen West Road, Beijing 100101, China |
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| Abstract: | The new benthic foraminifer Nodocantabricus duplexmurus n. gen., n. sp. is introduced from the lower-lower middle Cenomanian of the Bielba and Altamira formations (North Cantabrian Basin, Spain). This distinctive and atypical Polymorphinidae combines primitive and advanced test characteristics. On the one hand, it fully develops uniserially arranged chambers from an initial spiral coiling, a tendency usually observed in advanced polymorphinids. On the other hand, it possesses a composite, double-layered calcitic wall, made of inner dark microgranular and outer fibro-hyaline layers, a structure seldom documented in post-Paleozoic foraminifers.In the Cretaceous, various polymorphinid groups record significant diversification periods, which taxonomic, phylogenetic and stratigraphic significances have not been evaluated yet. We here discuss the long term evolution of the family Polymorphinidae and its phylogenetic relationship(s) with the family Nodosariidae. A tendency to reversal in the chamber arrangement, from spiral to uniserial, is initiated in the Cenomanian. This evolutive inclination may later have originated a false “nodosariid” lineage, casting doubt upon the assumed monophyly of the family Nodosariidae. |
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| Keywords: | Polymorphinidae Nodosariidae Double-layered wall Coiling reversal Altamira Formation Bielba Formation |
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