A ceratopsian dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America,and implications for dinosaur biogeography |
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| Institution: | 1. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland;2. Marine Palynology & Palaeoceanography, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584CD Utrecht, The Netherlands;3. Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Al. ?wirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland;4. Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Sk?odowska University, Al. Kra?nicka 2cd, 20-718 Lublin, Poland;1. Laboratorio de Anatomía Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, CONICET?Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR), Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil;3. Laboratório de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, CEP 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil;4. CONICET and Área Laboratorio e Investigación, Museo Municipal “Ernesto Bachmann”, Villa El Chocón, Neuquén, Argentina;5. Sección Paleontología de Vertebrados, CONICET?Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Av. Ángel Gallardo 470 (C1405DJR), Buenos Aires, Argentina;1. Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 121, P.O. Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA;2. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia;3. Department of Sedimentary Geology, Geological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 16 Liniya VO 29, 199178 Saint Petersburg, Russia;1. MTA-ELTE Lendület Dinosaur Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest 1117, Hungary;2. Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary, Stefánia út 14, Budapest 1143, Hungary;3. Eötvös University, Department of Paleontology, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/c, Budapest 1117, Hungary;4. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Ludovika tér 2, Budapest 1083, Hungary;5. University of Tübingen, Institute of Geosciences, Sigwartstraße 10, Tübingen 72070, Germany;1. Laboratoire de Géologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (UMR CNRS 8538), 24, rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris cedex 5, France;2. Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Hôtel Boyer d’Eguilles, 6, rue Espariat, 13100 Aix-en-Provence, France |
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| Abstract: | Tyrannosaurs and hadrosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America (Appalachia) are distinct from those found in western North America (Laramidia), suggesting that eastern North America was isolated during the Late Cretaceous. However, the Late Cretaceous fauna of Appalachia remains poorly known. Here, a partial maxilla from the Campanian Tar Heel Formation (Black Creek Group) of North Carolina is shown to represent the first ceratopsian from the Late Cretaceous of eastern North America. The specimen has short alveolar slots, a ventrally projected toothrow, a long dentigerous process overlapped by the ectopterygoid, and a toothrow that curves laterally, a combination of characters unique to the Leptoceratopsidae. The maxilla has a uniquely long, slender and downcurved posterior dentigerous process, suggesting a specialized feeding strategy. The presence of a highly specialized ceratopsian in eastern North America supports the hypothesis that Appalachia underwent an extended period of isolation during the Late Cretaceous, leading the evolution of a distinct dinosaur fauna dominated by basal tyrannosauroids, basal hadrosaurs, ornithimimosaurs, nodosaurs, and leptoceratopsids. Appalachian vertebrate communities are most similar to those of Laramidia. However some taxa-including leptoceratopsids-are also shared with western Europe, raising the possibility of a Late Cretaceous dispersal route connecting Appalachia and Europe. |
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| Keywords: | Dinosauria Neoceratopsia Leptoceratopsia Appalachia Black Creek group AMNH"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"American Museum of Natural History New York NMC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"National Museum of Canada Ottawa YPM-PU"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Yale Peabody Museum Princeton University Collections |
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