| 河北保定岩溶地热结垢过程模拟及防垢对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 何雨江,刘肖,邢林啸,谭现锋,卜宪标.河北保定岩溶地热结垢过程模拟及防垢对策[J].地学前缘,2022,29(4):430-437. |
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| 作者姓名： | 何雨江 刘肖 邢林啸 谭现锋 卜宪标 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国地质科学院 水文地质环境地质研究所, 河北 石家庄 0500612.自然资源部 地热与干热岩勘查开发技术创新中心, 河北 石家庄 0500613.山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地勘局第二地质大队), 山东 济宁 2721004.中国地质大学(武汉) 环境学院, 湖北 武汉 4300745.中国科学院 广州能源研究所, 广东 广州 510640 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研究发展计划项目“井储防垢除垢关键技术及工艺(2019YFB1504104);中国地质调查局地质调查项目“冀中坳陷深部碳酸盐岩热储调查评价(DD20190555) |
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| 摘 要： | 我国的地热发电以及部分供暖工程出现了比较严重的结垢现象,阻碍了地热能的大规模开发利用,目前地热市场急需成熟的防垢理论和工艺。地热工程的结垢现象尤以碳酸钙结垢最为普遍,为解决碳酸钙结垢问题,本文以华北保定岩溶地热井结垢为研究对象,通过理论和实验相结合的手段研究分析了垢质成分,成垢机理,结垢位置和过程以及防垢措施。研究结果表明:(1)系统降压造成的闪蒸是碳酸钙结垢的主因,液相二氧化碳逸出到气相是碳酸钙结垢的主要驱动力;(2)根据井口参数,结合质量、动量和能量守恒以及两相流压降理论,可以模拟结垢过程,确定结垢位置以及不同深度处的压力、温度、干度和二氧化碳分压等参数;(3)闪蒸造成的碳酸钙结垢,确定了闪蒸位置和闪蒸压力后,可以通过加压和加注阻垢剂的方式进行阻垢。通过模拟计算,确定了加压防垢系统所需的最低压力,通过控制系统压力可防止闪蒸,抑制二氧化碳逸出造成的结垢。设计了阻垢工艺,研制了阻垢剂加注设备,开展了井下化学阻垢实验并评价了阻垢效果,通过加注阻垢剂可有效阻止90%以上的垢生成,论证了通过加注化学阻垢剂可以有效解决碳酸钙结垢。通过上述研究,积累了从结垢原因分析,结垢位置确定,结垢过程模拟,防垢工艺和设备研发,防垢实践到阻垢效果现场评价一整套经验,可为其他地热井碳酸钙结垢问题的解决提供参考依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 岩溶热储 防垢除垢 碳酸钙结垢 结垢模拟 闪蒸位置 地热结垢 阻垢剂 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-01 |
Scaling process simulation and anti-scaling measures in karst geothermal field in Baoding,Hebei |
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| HE Yujiang,LIU Xiao,XING Linxiao,TAN Xianfeng,BU Xianbiao.Scaling process simulation and anti-scaling measures in karst geothermal field in Baoding,Hebei[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2022,29(4):430-437. |
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| Authors: | HE Yujiang LIU Xiao XING Linxiao TAN Xianfeng BU Xianbiao |
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| Abstract: | Scaling is a serious problem in geothermal power plants and certain geothermal projects in China hindering large-scale development and utilization of geothermal energy. At present, anti-scaling theory and technology is urgently needed in the geothermal market where calcium carbonate scaling is the most common problem. To solve this problem, the karst geothermal field in Baoding, northern China was selected to investigate the scale composition and the scaling mechanism, position and process as well as anti-scaling measures in a geothermal well. According to the study results, (1) the main cause of calcium carbonate scaling is flashing due to system pressure drop, caused primarily by carbon dioxide release from the liquid phase to the gas phase. (2) By combining the wellhead parameters with the laws of conservation of mass, momentum and energy and the theory of two-phase flow pressure drop, the scaling process can be simulated, and the scaling position as well as the pressure, temperature, steam quality and partial pressure of carbon dioxide at different depths can be calculated and determined. (3) Two anti-scaling measures could be implemented after identifying the flashing pressure and depth. One measure was to increase system pressure in order to prevent flashing thus inhibit carbon dioxide release. A minimum pressure was recommended via simulation. The other measure was to use chemical scaling inhibitor. An injection device was developed, anti-scaling experiment was carried out, and the chemical scaling inhibition effect was evaluated to show that chemical inhibitor could inhibit more than 90% of scaling, and thus the carbonate scaling problem could be effectively solved. From the above study, a set of valuable experiences—from scaling cause analysis, scaling position calculation, scaling process simulation, anti-scaling technology and equipment developments to field experiments and anti-scaling evaluation—were obtained. These experiences can be referenced in general for scaling control in geothermal wells. |
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| Keywords: | karst reservoir anti-scaling and scale removal calcium carbonate scale formation scaling simulation flashing point geothermal scaling scale inhibitor |
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