Does measuring azimuthal variations in sap flux lead to more reliable stand transpiration estimates? |
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| Authors: | Hikaru Komatsu Yoshinori Shinohara Tomonori Kume Kenji Tsuruta Kyoichi Otsuki |
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| Institution: | 1. The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;2. Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan;3. Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan;4. School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;5. Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Stand transpiration (E) estimated using the sap‐flux method includes uncertainty induced by variations in sap flux (F) within a tree (i.e. radial and azimuthal variations) and those between trees. Unlike radial variations, azimuthal variations are not particularly systematic (i.e. higher/lower F is not always recorded for a specific direction). Here, we present a theoretical framework to address the question on how to allocate a limited number of sensors to minimize uncertainty in E estimates. Specifically, we compare uncertainty in E estimates for two cases: (1) measuring F for two or more directions to cover azimuthal variations in F and (2) measuring F for one direction to cover between‐tree variations in F. The framework formulates the variation in the probability density function for E (σE) based on F recorded in m different azimuthal directions (e.g. north, east, south and west). This formula allows us to determine the m value that minimizes σE. This study applied the framework to F data recorded for a 55‐year‐old Cryptomeria japonica stand. σE for m = 1 was found to be less than the values for m = 2, 3 and 4. Our results suggest that measuring F for one azimuthal direction provides more reliable E estimates than measuring F for two or more azimuthal directions for this stand, given a limited number of sensors. Application of this framework to other datasets helps us decide how to allocate sensors most effectively. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| Keywords: | azimuthal variations between‐tree variations Granier‐type sensors sap‐flux method scaling up stand transpiration |
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