An experimental facility for the investigation of magma fragmentation by rapid decompression |
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| Authors: | Mikhail Alidibirov Donald B Dingwell |
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| Institution: | Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universit?t Bayreuth, D-95440?Bayreuth, Germany, DE
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| Abstract: | A special experimental facility has been developed to investigate the fragmentation of vesicular magma undergoing rapid decompression.
The facility operates in a regime similar to that of shock tubes and at temperatures up to 950 °C and pressures up to 200 bar.
Cylindrical samples (diameter ca. 17 mm, length ca. 50 mm) undergo rapid decompression in a high-temperature, high-pressure
section of the facility following the disruption of a diaphragm separating that section from a low-pressure, low-temperature
section. Actual vesicular magma samples have been experimentally fragmented at elevated temperatures and pressures corresponding
to those observed during explosive volcanic eruptions and the resulting pyroclastics have been photographically resolved in
flight and collected for physical characterization. The results of these experiments show that the rapid decompression of
highly viscous vesicular magma can generate pyroclastic ejecta via rapid and complete fragmentation of magma at high temperature.
This new fragmentation facility is presented as a tool for experimental volcanology under well-constrained conditions.
Received: 19 March 1996 / Accepted: 25 August 1996 |
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| Keywords: | Fragmentation Decompression Experimental Mt St Helens Explosive |
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