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A multi-method approach to quantify groundwater/surface water-interactions in the semi-arid Hailiutu River basin,northwest China |
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| Authors: | Zhi Yang Yangxiao Zhou Jochen Wenninger Stefan Uhlenbrook |
| Institution: | 1. School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), 10083, Beijing, China 2. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, PO Box 3015, 2601 DA, Delft, The Netherlands 3. Institute of Huai River Water Resources Protection, 233001, Bengbu, China 4. Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Water Resources Section, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | Identification and quantification of groundwater and surface-water interactions provide important scientific insights for managing groundwater and surface-water conjunctively. This is especially relevant in semi-arid areas where groundwater is often the main source to feed river discharge and to maintain groundwater dependent ecosystems. Multiple field measurements were taken in the semi-arid Bulang sub-catchment, part of the Hailiutu River basin in northwest China, to identify and quantify groundwater and surface-water interactions. Measurements of groundwater levels and stream stages for a 1-year investigation period indicate continuous groundwater discharge to the river. Temperature measurements of stream water, streambed deposits at different depths, and groundwater confirm the upward flow of groundwater to the stream during all seasons. Results of a tracer-based hydrograph separation exercise reveal that, even during heavy rainfall events, groundwater contributes much more to the increased stream discharge than direct surface runoff. Spatially distributed groundwater seepage along the stream was estimated using mass balance equations with electrical conductivity measurements during a constant salt injection experiment. Calculated groundwater seepage rates showed surprisingly large spatial variations for a relatively homogeneous sandy aquifer. |
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