Understanding uncertainty and reducing vulnerability: lessons from resilience thinking |
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| Authors: | Fikret Berkes |
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| Institution: | (1) Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, 70 Dysart Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Vulnerability is registered not by exposure to hazards alone; it also resides in the resilience of the system experiencing
the hazard. Resilience (the capacity of a system to absorb recurrent disturbances, such as natural disasters, so as to retain
essential structures, processes and feedbacks) is important for the discussion of vulnerability for three reasons: (1) it
helps evaluate hazards holistically in coupled human–environment systems, (2) it puts the emphasis on the ability of a system
to deal with a hazard, absorbing the disturbance or adapting to it, and (3) it is forward-looking and helps explore policy
options for dealing with uncertainty and future change. Building resilience into human–environment systems is an effective
way to cope with change characterized by surprises and unknowable risks. There seem to be four clusters of factors relevant
to building resilience: (1) learning to live with change and uncertainty, (2) nurturing various types of ecological, social
and political diversity for increasing options and reducing risks, (3) increasing the range of knowledge for learning and
problem-solving, and (4) creating opportunities for␣self-organization, including strengthening of local institutions and building
cross-scale linkages and problem-solving networks. |
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| Keywords: | Resilience Vulnerability Ecosystems Complex adaptive systems Communities Adaptation Learning Institutions Cross-scale linkages |
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