Electrochemical disinfection for ballast water management: Technology development and risk assessment |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore;2. APL Pte Ltd., 456 Alexandra Road, NOL Building, Singapore 119962, Singapore;1. Chemical Engineering Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Enrique Costa Novella, Campus Universitario s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;2. Chemical Department, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Caldas, A.A. 265 Manizales, Colombia;1. Ballast Water Detecting Lab, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Rd, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201306, China;2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Resource, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Rd, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201306, China;3. China Classification Society, 9 Dongzhimen Nan Da Jie, Beijing 100007, China;1. Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control (SMARC), School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China;2. Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China;3. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, And Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China;1. Qingdao Branch of Luoyang Ship Material Research Institute, 149-1 Zhuzhou Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, Shandong, China;2. Sunrui Marine Environment Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, China |
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| Abstract: | Ballast water is essential in maintaining the balance and structural integrity of ships during voyage. However, it has created biological invasion threats to the ocean environment. An innovative electrochemical technology was developed in this study. The microorganisms regulated by the International Maritime Organization (D2) were used as the target organisms. It was found that the required energy to meet the D2 was below 0.006 kWh/m3. The size of disinfector (m3) was about 0.5% of treatment flow rate (m3/h). The complete disappearance of chlorine in seawater was achieved after three days. The ballast tank corrosion was not worsened due to the application of technology. The ecotoxicity studies showed no toxic effect on fish, invertebrate, and algae. Finally, the environmental risk assessment showed the treated water did not pose threats to the environment. It can therefore be concluded that the technology provides a cost-effective and environmental friendly solution to ballast water management. |
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