Effects of various pollutant mixtures on immune responses of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) collected at a salinity gradient in Danish coastal waters |
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| Institution: | 1. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany;2. Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Frederiksborgvej 399, PO box 358, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;1. Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca'' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy;2. Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal;3. Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy;1. Department of Environmental Social and Spatial Change (ENSPAC), Roskilde University, PO Box 260, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;2. National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China;3. Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK;4. School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences (GEES), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;5. School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska Lincoln, 348 Manter Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA;1. Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Rd., Qingdao, Shandong 266071, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. CNRS, EPOC, UMR 5805, F-33120 Arcachon, France;2. Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (UMR 6539, LEMAR), IUEM/UBO, Technopole Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France;1. Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;1. School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai 264209, PR China;2. Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China |
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| Abstract: | The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed sea with a steady salinity gradient (3‰–30‰). Organisms have adapted to such low salinities, but are suspected to be more susceptible to stress. Within the frame of the integrated environmental monitoring BONUS + project “BEAST” the applicability of immune responses of the blue mussel was investigated in Danish coastal waters. The sampling sites were characterised by a salinity range (11–19‰) and different mixtures of contaminants (metals, PAHs and POPs), according to chemical analysis of mussel tissues. Variation partitioning (redundancy analysis) was applied to decompose salinity and contamination effects. The results indicated that cellular immune responses (total and differential haemocyte count, phagocytic activity and apoptosis) were mainly influenced by contaminants, whereas humoral factors (haemolytic activity) were mainly impacted by salinity. Hence, cellular immune functions may be suitable as biomarkers in monitoring programmes for the Baltic Sea and other geographic regions with salinity variances of the studied range. |
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