Industrializing nature,knowledge, and labour: The political economy of bioprospecting in Madagascar |
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| Authors: | Benjamin D Neimark |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Ave., Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada;2. Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry Centre, PO Box 4000, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 5P7, Canada;1. Department of Food and Resource Economics, Universitiy of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 25, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;2. Bioversity International, PO Box 236, UPM Post Office, Serdang 43400, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia;1. Laboratoire des Radioisotopes, Université D’Antananarivo, Route D’Andraisoro B.P., 3383, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar;2. UMR Eco&Sols, IRD, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Campus SupAgro, 2 Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France;3. LMI IESOL, Dakar, Senegal;4. Agrisud International, Lot VB7 Ambatoroka - BP 6028 - Antananarivo 101, Madagascar;5. CIRAD, UMR Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon;6. Innovation, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France;7. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Yaoundé, Cameroon;8. IRD, UMR Eco&Sols Station Ligne Paradis, 127 Chemin de L’IRAT, 97410, Saint-Pierre, La Reunion, France;1. Department of Thematic Studies – Environmental Change, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;2. Department of Environmental Politics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;3. School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK;4. Department of International Development, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE, UK;5. Department of Geography, King''s College London, K4L.07, King''s Building, Strand Campus, London WC2R 2LS, UK;6. Environmental Sociology Section, Örebro University, 701 82 Örebro, Sweden;7. Department of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | This article provides a new way of analyzing and defining contemporary bioprospecting under emerging frameworks of neoliberal conservation. I document how bioprospecting has changed over time on the island-nation of Madagascar due to shifts in environmental governance. The most significant change includes efforts to speed up and industrialize the production of new drugs derived from nature. This has been accomplished through the switching over to rational collection strategies that employ new geo-referencing technologies, global networks of herbarium archives, and high-technology rapid screening methods. Results show that nature is re-constituted, traditional knowledge is rendered inefficient, and labour is mechanized within sites of production. This study demonstrates how changes in bioprospecting alter the way Malagasy scientists and local resource users participate in the practice and diminish their decision making power over natural resources. These developments, in turn, cause some Malagasy scientists, researchers and administrators to question their participation in bioprospecting projects and reveal that current natural resource policies of extraction, commercialization and benefit-sharing face many challenges. |
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