Chronology of the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic in NW Europe: developer-funded investigations at Dunbridge,Hampshire, southern England |
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| Authors: | Phil Harding David R Bridgland Peter Allen Philippa Bradley Michael J Grant David Peat Jean-Luc Schwenninger Rebecca Scott Rob Westaway Tom S White |
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| Institution: | 1. Wessex Archaeology, Portway House, Old Sarum, Salisbury SP4 6EB, UK;2. Department of Geography, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK;3. Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK;4. Centre for Earth and Environmental Science Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey KT1 2EE, UK;5. Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, UK;6. Department of Prehistory and Europe, British Museum, 56 Orsman Road, London N1 5QL, UK;7. Faculty of Mathematics, Computing and Technology, The Open University, Gateshead NE8 3DF, UK;8. NIReS, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK;9. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK |
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| Abstract: | This paper reports important findings relating to the chronology of Palaeolithic occupation, artefact typology and Quaternary fluvial deposits from a geoarchaeological watching brief undertaken over 17 years at Kimbridge Farm Quarry, Dunbridge, Hampshire. Sections were recorded and sampled and 198 artefacts, principally hand axes, were collected, with the primary aim of enhancing understanding of the geological context of the richest Lower Palaeolithic assemblage from Hampshire. Digital terrain modelling was used to characterize the three-dimensional form of the fluvial geology. Two gravel terraces have been confirmed: an upper Belbin Formation, which contained most of the archaeological artefacts, and a lower Mottisfont Formation. Results of specific note included recovery of artefacts demonstrating elements of ‘proto-Levallois’ technology from within the Belbin Gravel deposition. Fully developed Levallois technology was present across both the Belbin Gravel and the Mottisfont Formation at Dunbridge, the latter having an otherwise relatively sparse Palaeolithic content. Previously published OSL dating, supplemented by new data, has been combined with uplift modelling to suggest dates of MIS 9b and MIS 8, respectively, for these two gravels. This fits well with evidence from other sites in England and the near Continent for the timing of the earliest Levallois at around MIS 9. The results from the Dunbridge watching brief have demonstrated that this response provides a relatively cost effective method by which important scientific data can be salvaged from commercial quarrying. |
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